The Diary of a Young Girl Prepared by: - Nityanandesh Narayan Tripathi PGT English Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya

Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank A Jewish German girl who was born in the city of Frankfurt am Main in Weimar Germany, and who lived most of her life in or near Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. She gained international fame posthumously following the publication of her diary which documents her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II. Anne and her family moved to Amsterdam in 1933 after the Nazis gained power in Germany, and were trapped by the occupation of the Netherlands, which began in 1940. As persecutions against the Jewish population increased, the family went into hiding in July 1942 in hidden rooms in her father Otto Frank's office building. After two years, the group was betrayed and transported to concentration camps. Seven months after her arrest, Anne Frank died of typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, within days of the death of her sister, Margot Frank. Her father Otto, the only survivor of the group, returned to Amsterdam after the war to find that her diary had been saved, and his efforts led to its publication in 1947. It was translated from its original Dutch and first published in English in 1952 as The Diary of a Young Girl. The diary, which was given to Anne on her 13th birthday, chronicles her life from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944. It has been translated into many languages, has become one of the world's most widely read books, and has been the basis for several plays and films. Anne Frank has been acknowledged for the quality of her writing, and has become one of the most renowned and most discussed victims of the Holocaust.

Otto Frank (Father) Edith Holländer (Mother) Parents of Anne Frank

Jewish and German “My father, the most adorable father I've ever seen, didn't marry my mother until he was thirty-six and she was twenty-five. My sister Margot was born in Frankfurt am Main in Germany in 1926. I was born on June 12, 1929.” Anne Frank Annelies Marie Frank is born on June 12, 1929 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. She is the second daughter of Otto Frank and Edith Frank-Holländer. Her sister Margot is then three years old. The family is Jewish and German. The Frank and Holländer families have lived in Germany for centuries. Birth of Anne Frank

"My father, the most adorable father I've ever seen, didn't marry my mother until he was thirty-six and she was twenty-five. My sister Margot was born in Frankfurt am Main in Germany in 1926. I was born on June 12, 1929." Anne Frank Otto Frank and Edith Holländer are married in Aachen on May 12, 1925. After a honeymoon in Italy, they go to live in Frankfurt am Main. Nine months later, on February 16, 1926, their first daughter is born: Margot Betti. Anne(lies) Marie follows around three years later. Otto Frank’s family has lived in Frankfurt am Main for generations. Edith’s family originates from Aachen, close to the Dutch border. Family of Anne Frank

“I can remember that as early as 1932, groups of Storm Troopers came marching by singing: ‘When Jewish blood splatters from the knife.'" Otto Frank Anne’s father works at his family’s bank. Her mother takes care of everything at home. It is a carefree period for Margot and Anne. They have many friends in the neighbor- hood where they live. However, their parents are worried. Adolf Hitler and his party have made the Jews the scapegoat for all of Germany's social and economic problems. The anti-Semitism in the country grows. Anti-Semitism

Dictator "The world around me collapsed. I had to face the consequences, and though this did hurt me deeply I realized that Germany was not the world and I left forever." Otto Frank At the beginning of 1933, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP or Nazi party) comes to power in Germany. Adolf Hitler, the leader of this party, becomes Chancellor. He is responsible for the new government. Before very long, there is discrimination against Jews. Germany changes from a democracy into a dictatorship. Anne’s parents no longer feel safe. Otto Frank’s bank is also in financial trouble because of the worldwide economic crisis. Otto and Edith Frank decide to leave Germany.

A New Start “In the Netherlands, after those experiences in Nazi Germany, it was as if our life was restored to us. In those days it was possible for us to start over and to feel free.” Otto Frank Otto Frank goes to the Netherlands in the summer of 1933. He has the opportunity to set up a company in Amsterdam that sells Opekta. This is a product used by housewives to prepare home-made jam. During that period, Anne and Margot stay with Grandmother Holländer who lives in Aachen Germany. Their mother commutes to and from Amsterdam to find the family a place to live there.

Anne Frank as a Writer "I know I can write. A few of my stories are good, my descriptions of the Secret Annex are humorous, much of my diary is vivid and alive, but... it remains to be seen whether I really have talent." Anne Frank writing in her diary April 5, 1944. Anne Frank starts writing in her diary on her 13th birthday. She has no truly close friends to confide in, so in her diary she writes detailed letters to an imaginary girlfriend named Kitty. The last time she commits her feelings to paper is on August 1, 1944. Two years have passed and much has changed in her life. Those first few weeks after her birthday were “normal”: she went to school, worried about her report card, gossiped about her classmates… But by July 6 she has gone into hiding and is living in the Secret Annex with her parents and sister. A week later the Van Pels family arrives, and Fritz Pfeffer joins them all in November 1942.

Suffocate The long letters addressed to Kitty are part of Anne's diary from the very beginning. The diary becomes even more imporant to Anne during the hiding period, because she can entrust it with her innermost thoughts. On March 16, 1944, she realizes: The nicest part is being able to write down all my thoughts and feelings, otherwise I'd absolutely suffocate.” "Tales" During the hiding period, Anne does not only write in her diary. She also writes short stories. “A few weeks ago I started writing a story, something I made up from beginning to end, and I've enjoyed it so much that the products of my pen are piling up.” Some of her “Tales” she reads aloud to the people in hiding

Revising the Text Anne Frank begins the serious work on her book around May 20, 1944. She revises the major portion of her original diary in the short time left until the arrest of the people in hiding on August 4, 1944. Working on loose sheets of coloured paper, she frequently makes simple corrections in the text. Sometimes she deletes entire passages because she thinks these are too personal. She still addresses all the letters in her diary to Kitty, her imaginary friend. The last diary entry that Anne has a chance to rewrite on these loose sheets is dated March 29, 1944.

Friends & The Royal Family Immediately after the book's publication, Otto gives copies to his friends and family. Old friends of Anne and Margot, who appear in the diary, also receive Het Achterhuis. In addition, Otto sends a copy to the Prime Minister of the Netherlands and to the Royal Family. . Het Achterhuis receives positive reviews: "...this book helps us start believing in humanity again", "How clearly a child can see and judge, Het Achterhuis teaches us this.", "Since the Liberation, I have read hardly anything that is as pure and moving as Anne Frank's diary." The first printing is quickly sold-out, a second printing follows in Decmber 1947, and in February 1948 the book is printed for a third time in an edition of 10,000 copies Positive Reviews for the Published Diary

"Over and Over Again...“ The success of the diary of Anne Frank is particularly hard to stomach for people who, even after the Second World War, still support the ideas of National Socialism. Over the years a number of people have tried to spread the claim that the diary of Anne Frank is a forgery. Until his death, Otto Frank carried out legal actions against these "deniers"(*). In 1979 – he was then 90 years old – he commented on this: "At the moment there are four court cases in West Germany, two in Hamburg and two in Frankfurt, concerning accusations that the diary is a forgery. I fought against this in 1961 and won, but the same accusations are still being expressed, and I have to fight against them over and over again."

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