Electrons in Atoms Section 2.2.

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Presentation transcript:

Electrons in Atoms Section 2.2

Electron Motion and Energy e- and p+ are oppositely charged So.. Why aren’t electrons pulled into the nucleus? Niels Bohr e- have enough energy to keep in motion around the nucleus ex: Like satellites orbiting a planet- Called the Bohr Model But e- behave a little differently

Waves Electrons behave like waves, and waves transfer energy Water waves, sound waves Movement of e- is electromagnetic radiation All types of electromagnetic radiations are shown in the electromagnetic spectrum

Characteristics of Waves Wavelength: the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave Represented by lambda (λ) Frequency: number of waves that pass a given point per second Represented by nu (v) Measured in hertz (Hz), meaning 1/s Amplitude: waves height from the origin to the crest (high point) or trough (low point)

Wave Equations Speed of light = wavelength x frequency C = λ v C= 3 x 10 ^8 m/s Units: Λ = m V = Hz (1/s)

Electromagnetic Spectrum A range of all the forms of electromagnetic radiation, separated by frequencies and wavelengths. Includes radio waves (longest wavelength, lowest frequency), microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X ray, and gamma rays (shortest wavelength, highest frequency)

Electrons and Light Electrons and light are related by energy When atoms are exposed to energy they get excited – their electrons move This movement results in a release of light energy The spectrum of light released is called the emission spectrum

Energy Levels When atoms were exposed to an energy source it was found that electrons only absorbed/released certain amounts (frequencies) of energy This was evidence that energy levels Regions of space in which electrons can move around the nucleus- existed

Electron Cloud Model Energy levels are not neat, planet- like orbits around the nucleus They are spherical regions of space around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found Current model of the atom; electron cloud model

Arrangements of Atoms Each energy level can hold a limited number of e- 1st holds 2, 2nd holds 8, 3rd holds 18 and every level after holds 32 The e- in the outermost energy levels are called valence electrons These are the electrons that interact when atoms come into contact

Lewis Dot Structure We represent valence electrons with Lewis dot diagram Valence electrons are written as dots around the symbol of an element Example: