LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to... - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed Task: Once you are In and settled... Fact Test! You have 5 minutes. - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed Louis VII of France - Vitry 1143 Announced he would Travel Christmas 1145. - Elite unsure. Young with no heir. Vezelay June 1147 kiss relics. Oriflamme Pope bestows Pilgrims Wallet. Bernard stripped, Platform collapses. Conrad III of Germany. Experienced Leadership of German Crusaders. Investiture contest A thing of the past. Confirmed Henry Would succeed him. Wanted to demonstrate Piety and power. - Welf VI Bavaria. Manuel Comnenus I Saw Crusade as threat Tried to obtain guarantees. Distrust over Antioch Edessa’s restoration a Threat. Differences between RC And Orthodox church. Conflict with Roger II of Sicily causes logistical issues. - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed Preparations for war… Crusade also sought to Attack Iberia and Baltic Attacks on Almeria and Lisbon. “Wendish Crusade” Attacked Pagans. Eugenius and Bernard Supported?! Conrad and Louis rich, But hit by bad harvests in 1140s. Levies not successful, Louis Had to write to Regent Abbot Suger Row between Manuel Comenus and Roger II Division on routes, French Struggle to make mind up. No consultation with Crusader states. Monarchs pursuing their Own agendas. - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed Some case studies… Damascus - Crusaders cannot decide who To attack. - Amir of Damascus, Mu'in ad-Din Unur 50,000 infantry and cavalry Disagreement between Crusaders - Advance through suburbs to City walls. Overnight standoff Turkomen under Zenghi pour into attack Pile of Frankish heads in “Smell so great that the birds Fell out of the air” Dorylaeum Conrad III stop at Dorylaeum to rest - Low on provisions. Seljuk Turks led by Mesud I move in, Destroys nearly the entire army of 20,000 men. Market price of precious metals throughout the Muslim world drops. Conrad III is only able to escape with a small force of 2,000 survivors, Attempts to join up with Louis VII at Nicaea. - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed Now you have a series of tasks… Produce a map to show the course of the Second Crusade Include a timeline showing the key dates and locations. Provide a “web” showing the different links between the key members of the Crusade. 4. Produce short biographies of each of the key figures on Crusade showing their Motivations and goals. 5. Produce a ranked list of the reasons why the Crusade failed. 6. Descriptions of the key events at Damascus and Constantinople. - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed Lack of Clear Aims - Lack of unity of purpose and clear aims. - The Second Crusade included expeditions in the Iberian Peninsula and against the Wends on the Baltic coast – it simply attempted too much. - Edessa lacked the earlier resonance of Jerusalem in the First Crusade. The call was to save the Holy Land, and was too generally defined. - ‘Crusade’ meant different things to different groups – against Jews in Germany, pagans in Eastern Europe, Muslims in southern Spain and Muslims in Lisbon. - People desired spiritual reward in return for service, not through a desire to rescue the East. Military - King Louis VII lacked a clear military objective. - The Crusade was not undertaken to regain Edessa, but as a penitential pilgrimage after the events at Vitry. - Weak leadership in the journey through Anatolia where he failed to maintain discipline, abandoned his army at Attalia. - Significant mistakes at Antioch where he refused to aid Raymond in attacking Aleppo. - Role in the decision to attack Damascus in July 1148 and then shift the siege army. - Louis remained in Jerusalem until Easter 1149 he attempted nothing more. - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed Manuel Comnenus - French accused the Emperor Manuel of colluding with the Turks. The Crusade was an inconvenience. Manuel had a peaceful alliance with the Sultan of Rum Masud I. Byzantium had to co-exist peacefully with the Turks. Baldwin and Bohemond refused to restore territory to Byzantium during the First Crusade. The actions of the crusaders in pillaging Greek towns Greeks ended up fighting fellow Christians, weakening the crusader force. - 90% of Conrad’s force was wiped out near Dorylaeum. Gives only 2 ships when Louis needed transport to Antioch. They go on foot! Concerned with Byzantium’s position within the region than the fate of the Latin states. - Too focused on Normans in Sicily, tried to woo the Germans. The Crusader States - King Baldwin III and his mother Melisende - Divisions over crusade aims between King Louis, Count Raymond and Count Joscelin - The events at the council of Acre in June 1148 and divisions between the Palestinian lords and the crusaders - The decision to attack Damascus. - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*

LO: To evaluate why the Second Crusade failed - Describe the course of the Second Crusade E-D - Explain reasons why it was not successful C-B - Judge the most important reasons for its failure A-A*