TURKISH EMPIRES RISE IN ANATOLIA CHAPTER 11 Section 3 (11.3)

Objectives 1. Describe the rise of the Seljuk Turks and their impact on Persian culture. 2. Explain how internal problems and foreign attack ended Seljuk power.

The Rise of the Turks Abbasids Persians overthrew the caliph Controlled the Muslim world Now losing Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, parts of Persia, and Egypt. Persians overthrew the caliph Stayed religious leader but lost political power

The Conquering Seljuks Turks Muslims first met them as raiders and traders Valued for their military skills Began converting to Islam Chinese say they are nomads Began migrating into the weakened Abbasid Empire One group of Turks was called the SELJUKS Captured Baghdad from the Persians 20 yrs later they took Constantinople

The Turks Secure Persian Support SELJUKS sultan wanted the favor of the Persians Moved the capital to Isfahan Made them government officials Vizier- prime minister were illiterate and new to the religion Looked to Persians for guidance Adopted Persian as a language – Arabic almost disappeared! Shah - Seljuk ruler (Persian for “king”)

Seljuks Confront Crusaders and Mongols Malik Shah Last of the strong Seljuk rulers Most famous sultan Fell into minor kingdoms after his death Crusades Series of military campaigns for control of the Holy Lands in Palestine

The Seljuks and the Crusaders Crusades First launched by Pope Urban II in 1095 Wanted to push Turks out of Anatolia and regain Jerusalem under Christian rule 1099, Christians successful for 100 yrs 1187, Muslim regain Jerusalem under Saladin King Richard I & Saladin signed a truce Muslims get Jerusalem Christian pilgrims get access to holy sites More crusades followed but were not successful

Seljuks Face the Mongols Nomadic clans from Asian steppes Grew into a force under Genghis Khan Conquered China Hulagu (Khan’s grandson) Took Baghdad and killed last Abbasid caliph Empire fell due to poor management Ottomans took over the empire and held it until the 20th Century (WWI)