Spiral Do Now MATCH Side 1 with Side 2 Side 1 Side2 Latitude Runs Vertically Measures North & South Latitude Longitude Longitude Measures West & East M/V Density Runs Horizontally MT Marcy 43.31° N, 73.11 44.1° 73.9° 44.1° N, 73.9° W L.O:SWBAT describe and identify minerals through their physical characteristics.

Minerals

Crystalline arrangement New terms Mineral Inorganic Crystalline arrangement

First lets look at the difference between rocks and minerals: Earth is made of rocks Rocks are made of minerals

Yosemite N.P. (California) Half Dome Yosemite N.P. (California)

Granite (Yosemite, N.P.) Granite (Close-up)

Granite (Close-up) Quartz Biotite Mica Feldspar

the dozen most common minerals are called :the rock-formers. most of Earth’s rocks are made of the same dozen minerals in different combinations. There are over 3000 different minerals but less than a dozen are common. L.O:SWBAT describe and identify minerals through their physical characteristics.

What are minerals? Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a definite chemical composition. Minerals are inorganic (non-living) Have a crystalline structure

Solid Substance means that it has to be. in solid form Naturally Occuring means made by nature (PEOPLE CAN’T MAKE MINERALS!!!) INORGANIC means it has NEVER been alive Composition means what it is made of and how they are arranged B R E a K D O W N OF KEY

2. Why is gold considered a mineral but water is not a mineral 2. Why is gold considered a mineral but water is not a mineral? Turn and talk Hint: look at the images below. How are gold and water different?

Atomic Structure Element = 1 type of atom’ Compound = 2 or more elements bonded together Mixture = no definite proportions

A Mineral can be Made of … 1 element - Ex. gold, copper, sulfur, diamond 2 or more elements (compounds) - Ex. quartz, calcite, halite Most minerals are compounds.

Mineral composition determines mineral characteristics Minerals are made of one type of molecule This will influence the form (shape) and function (use) of the mineral Each mineral has unique structure and characteristics

A mineral has a chemical formula that can be written. Ex) Calcite is CaCO3 Quartz is SiO2 Recall the difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures

The internal arrangement of the atoms will make the mineral have a specific shape and properties.

For scientists: a “crystal” is how the atoms are arranged in a mineral. For “regular” people a “crystal” is an expensive piece of glass or a jewelry L.O:SWBAT describe and identify minerals through their physical characteristics.

Crystalline arrangement: how the atoms inside of a mineral are arranged.

diamonds sparkle! graphite is dull gray. graphite is so soft, one can write with it. diamonds are the hardest substance known to humanity. diamonds sparkle! L.O:SWBAT describe and identify minerals through their physical characteristics.

Graphite and diamonds are both pure carbon but have different physical properties because their carbon atoms are arranged differently. The graphite in a pencil, coal and diamonds are all made of pure carbon. L.O:SWBAT describe and identify minerals through their physical characteristics.

a mineral’s physical properties: luster (“shininess”) shape hardness cleavage or fracture (how it breaks into pieces) streak

Why are rocks and minerals important to us Why are rocks and minerals important to us? • Help us understand how the Earth was formed and continues to move. • Have many uses in our daily lives • Are a limited resource • Have important economic and environmental impacts (fossil fuels).

Exit ticket: answer the following: 6.What is a mineral? 7. How do minerals get their physical properties? 8. Why are the dozen most common minerals called “the rock formers”?