Use and Application in Aquatic Feeds

Aquaculture Industry: Protein Ingredients Need for alternative protein ingredients for the aquaculture industry ADM is committed to providing solutions to the aquaculture industry. PROPLEX DY is a viable, renewable plant-based protein. Objective: present in vivo results of PROPLEX DY in various aquatic species Amino Acid Profile Product Stability Consistent Nutrient Profile Palatability Ease of Manufacture Extrusion/Pellet Reduce Reliance on Fish meal

Product Advantages Cost effective source of amino acids. Contains no animal proteins. Contains no antibiotics. Contains no known anti-nutritional factors. Dedicated manufacturing process for consistent nutritional quality. Excellent palatability. PROPLEX DY is a cost-competitive, palatable, high-quality source of digestible amino acids from a yeast-based protein. It consists of dried, inactive (killed) yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

PROPLEX DY Production: A process from corn wet milling Steeping Germ (excess oil) CORN Germ Removal Mycotoxin tested Corn Gluten Feed Pellets for Cattle Feed Pericarp (excess fiber) Fiber Separation Corn Gluten Meal Gluten (lutein, zeaxanthin) Gluten Separation Starch Fermentation and Distillation Liquids Evaporator CO2 Ethanol Human Food Products (eg. HFCS)

PROPLEX DY in Aquaculture Amino Acid Digestibility Growth Performance Tests Proven in: Swine Poultry Aquaculture Shrimp Salmon Trout Hybrid Striped Bass Tilapia Red Drum

Fish meal, Menhaden Select1 A.A. Digestibility of PROPLEX DY Across Species 46% CP Composition Fish meal, Menhaden Select1 PROPLEX DY Trout Poultry Swine Arginine, % 3.82 (75.5) 2.21 (81) 2.37 (92) 1.89 (79) Histidine, % 1.08 (65.5) 1.04 (79) 1.01 (86) 0.98 (85) Isoleucine, % 1.84 (70.4) 2.04 (79) 2.16 (90) 2.19 (85) Leucine, % 3.38 (71.6) 5.91 (84) 4.78 (92) 5.58(90) Lysine, % 4.09 (70.3) 2.34 (76) 2.38 (84) 2.16 (81) Methionine, % 1.22 (80.5) 0.99 (88) 0.85 (93) 1.03 (90) Phenylalanine, % 2.05 (67.3) 2.83 (89) 2.37 (91) 2.46 (89) Threonine, % 2.31 (64.5) 2.15 (71) 1.96 (83) 1.77 (82) Tryptophan, % 0.59 0.30 (91) 0.39 (89) Valine, % 2.02 (70.4) 2.18 (79) 2.64 (88) 2.67 (86) ( ) = digestibility as measured in precision-fed rooster assay, trout or swine trial; 1trout trial

Hybrid Striped Bass using PROPLEX DY to reduce FM Juvenile bass (~16g) 10 bass/tank 5 tanks per treatment Trial length: 45 days Ingredient CON (30%FM) 22.5% FM 15% 7.5% 0% PROPLEX DY 0.0 13.5 27.0 41.3 50.7 Menhaden fish meal 30.0 22.5 15.0 7.5 Wheat Bran 23.3 17.3 11.3 4.5 0.4 RESULT PROPLEX DY substituted up to 75% of fish meal in diets with no detriment to performance a a a a a b b b b b Gause and Trushenski (2011) North American Journal of Aquaculture, 73:2,97-103

Trout Performance with PROPLEX up to 15% Ingredient (%) 8% DY 11% DY 15% DY PROPLEX DY 7.6 11.2 14.9 Menhaden fish meal 25.0 18.8 15.6 12.5 Wheat flour 14.5 10.5 9.5 8.3 Rainbow trout (~22g) 9 week trial 30 fish/tank RESULT PROPLEX DY substituted up to 38% of FM in diets (11% of diet as PROPLEX DY) with no detriment to performance Hauptmann et. al., 2014. Evaluation of grain distillers dried yeast as a fish meal substitute in practical-type diets of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture. 432:7

Trout Performance with PROPLEX up to 18% Ingredient (%) 6% DY 9% DY 12% DY 15% DY 18% DY PROPLEX DY 6 9 12 15 18 Menhaden fish meal 20 Poultry by-product meal 15.5 13.6 12.65 11.70 10.77 9.80 Wheat flour 14.8 13.77 13.34 12.78 12.22 11.74 Rainbow trout (~22g) 9 week trial 30 fish/tank KEY POINT PROPLEX DY included up to 18% in trout diets supports performance Sealey et. al., 2015. Refining inclusion levels of grain distillers dried yeast in commercial-type and plant-based diets for juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 46:4

Shrimp – PROPLEX DY Can Replace Soybean Meal Ingredient (g kg–1, as-is) DY 50 DY 100 DY 150 DY 200 Soybean meal 523.0 474.8 426.7 378.5 330.2 PROPLEX DY 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 Menhaden fish oil 54.9 53.9 52.9 51.9 50.9 Shrimp weight (g) 56 d feeding trial PROPLEX DY Achupallas, J., Y. Zhou, D. Davis. 2016. Aquaculture Nutrition. 22:1222

Shrimp – Trial Pond Results PROPLEX DY performs well in real-world conditions Shrimp weight (g) PROPLEX DY Achupallas, J., Y. Zhou, D. Davis. 2016. Aquaculture Nutrition. 22:1222 Photo: Trial location - Claude Peteet Mariculture Center, Gulf Shores, Alabama

Salmon diets contained up to 15% PROPLEX DY Ingredient, % 0% DY 5% DY 10% DY 15% DY Poultry meal, IDF 27.5 22.5 Fish oil, menhaden 21 Sardine meal, EWOS 2011 20 15 10 Wheat flour PROPLEX DY 5 Soy protein concentrate 9.5 Wheat gluten meal Vitamin premix ARS 702 1 lysine-HCl Choline CL 0.6 Stay-C 0.2 Trace mineral premix 0.1 Astaxanthin   PROPLEX DY replaced sardine meal and poultry meal. Experimental diets were provided for 120 days. G. Burr, USDA-ARS Maine. Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

Salmon diets contained up to 15% PROPLEX DY FCR Final BW, g Weight Gain, g 120 day test P = 0.56 P = 0.54 P = 0.54 G. Burr, USDA-ARS Maine. Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

Recommended feeding levels PROPLEX DY Summary A reliable protein source with a guarantee of 48% CP Palatable ingredient for Aquaculture Highly digestible amino acids Produced using wet milling technologies Species Recommended feeding levels Salmon Up to 10% Trout Hybrid striped bass Shrimp

Citations Achupallas, J., Y. Zhou, D. Davis. 2016. Pond production of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed grain distillers dried yeast. Aquaculture Nutrition. 22:1222 Gause and Trushenski. 2011. Production performance and stress tolerance of sunshine bass raised on reduced fish meal feeds containing ethanol yeast. North American Journal of Aquaculture. 73:168 Gause and Trushenski. 2011. Replacement of fish meal with ethanol yeast in the diets of sunshine bass. North American Journal of Aquaculture. 73(2):97 Gause and Trushenski. 2013. Comparative value of fish meal alternatives as protein sources in feeds for Hybrid Striped Bass. Aquaculture. 75(3):329 Hauptmann, B., F. Barrows, S. Block, T. Gaylord, J. Paterson, S. Rawles, W. Sealey. 2014. Evaluation of grain distillers dried yeast as a fish meal substitute in practical-type diets of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture. 432:7 Hauptman B., F. Barrows, S. Block, T. Gaylord, J. Paterson, W. Sealey. 2014. Potential for a mycotoxin deactivator to improve growth and performance of rainbow trout fed high levels of an ethanol industry co-product, grain distillers dried yeast. North American Journal of Aquaculture. 76(4):297 Kanczuzewski and Trushenski. 2015. Evaluation of hydrogenated soybean oil in feeds for hybrid striped bass fed in conjunction with finishing periods of different durations. North American Journal of Aquaculture 77:8 Sealey, W., T. O’Neill, J. Peach, T. G. Gaylord, F. Barrows, S. Block. 2015. Refining Inclusion Levels of Grain Distiller’s Dried Yeast in Commercial-type and Plant-based Diets for Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 46(4):434 Omolola, B., C. Yeoman, T. Gaylord, G. Duff, T. Hamerly, B. Bothner, S. Block, W. Sealey. 2017. Differences in amino acid catabolism by gut microbes with/without prebiotics inclusion in GDDY-based diet affect feed utilization in rainbow trout. Aquaculture. In press. Rosales, M., S. Castillo, C. Pohlenz, D. Gatlin. 2017. Evaluation of dried yeast and threonine fermentation biomass as partial fish meal replacements in the diet of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 232:190