Tiberius Gracchus -Time Period: 133 B.C. -Accomplishments: Became tribune & wanted to give land back to poor -Supporters: Gaius Gracchus (brother) and poorer classes -End of Term: Killed by members of the Senate-threatened by his ideas Tiberius Gracchus

General Gaius Marius -Time Period: 107 B.C. -Accomplishments: First lower-class Roman to hold a high office. Opened army to everyone as consul -Supporters: Lower-class citizens -End of Term: A rival named Lucius Sulla led an army and overthrew Marius *Even though Marius opened the army to everyone, soldiers became loyal to their generals and not Rome

General Lucius Sulla -Time Period: 82 B.C. -Accomplishments: Overthrew Marius and became dictator, or absolute ruler. Doubled size of the Senate and weakened Tribunes -Supporters: Legionaries -End of Term: Retired Lucius Sulla

Marcus Crassus -Time Period: 60 B.C. -Accomplishments: Member of the First Triumvirate, or group of 3 leaders with equal power -Supporters: Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompey -End of Term: Killed in battle

Gnaeus Pompey -Time Period: 60 B.C. -Accomplishments: Member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar’s rival for power Supporters: Army soldiers -End of Term: Killed in Egypt by supporters of Caesar

Julius Caesar -Time Period: 46 B.C. -Accomplishments: Member of First Triumvirate, general, reformer, and dictator of Rome -Supporters: Poorer classes, Military -End of Term: Killed by a group of Senators *Caesar gained power in 48 B.C. after the death of Pompey *Many feared Caesar would make himself king!

Caesar and the Ides of March *Partner Read: Take turns reading paragraphs aloud *After each paragraph stop and check for understanding *Help one another with words and that you don’t understand *Record notes on activity sheets -Consolidate: To make stronger -Conspiracy: A group’s secret plan -Tyrant: A cruel ruler -Soothsayer: Roman oracle -Cicero: Roman philosopher

Mark Antony: Married Cleopatra in Egypt! -Time Period: 43 B.C. -Accomplishments: Close friend and military leader with Caesar -Supporters: Caesar and military -End of Term: Octavian became emperor of Rome Mark Antony: Married Cleopatra in Egypt!

Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor! -Time Period: 27 B.C. -Accomplishments: Caesar’s adopted son, Member of Second Triumvirate -Supporters: Caesar -End of Term: Became first Roman Emperor! Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor!