Rome- Republic & Conquest

Journal Entry #6 What is the name of the first group of individuals who dominated Rome? Explain the difference between Patricians & Plebeians. What was the Roman Forum?

Success of the Republic Infrastructure: Well-built military roads radiating from Rome Military ability Strategy: Divide and control Treatment of conquered peoples

Success-Expansion Success of the Republic resulted in Growing Population When your population grows, what do you do? Expand & Conquer! Elaborate system of Roads -Essential during Expansion. Why?

Military All Roman men 17-46 w/minimum amount of land were required to serve in times of war Part of being a Roman citizen Organized into Legions, or units Commanded by Centurions, Officers who commanded a century (100 Men) Highly disciplined & well-trained

Conquests Romans conquered several territories, expanding their empire (Italy, Carthage, Greece & Hellenistic Kingdoms) Conquered peoples had to: Provide troops to Roman Army Acknowledge Rome as Head of Gov’t Then, Rome allowed them to manage their Domestic Affairs (basically left them alone!) Promoted intermarriage; spread of Roman culture

Greek Influence Admired Greek culture prior to conquest Art & Architecture reflected Greek ideals, or were copies Religion- Olympian Gods became the heart of the Roman state religion Temples built in Rome & throughout its provinces Some Romans not happy with all of this Cultural Diffusion Preferred simple Roman culture of the Early Republic

Greek v. Roman Gods

Punic Wars Sicily, Roman Ally, came into conflict w/ Carthage Carthage- Powerful trading city in North Africa Series of Wars that lasted nearly 80 years Mainly focus on 2nd Punic War Why? Hannibal. Elephants. Destruction.

2nd Punic War Hannibal led his well-trained Army & War Elephants across the Pyrenees & Alps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gbPIyCuGTA#t=98 Invaded Italy, defeating every Roman Army they encountered Pressed on Rome

2nd Punic War What to do if you’re Roman? Meet Hannibal in the Field? Scipio Africanus, Roman General, sails to Africa & besieges Carthage Hannibal could push on Rome, but he would lose his home Hannibal returns, soundly defeated outside of Carthage

3rd Punic War After defeating Hannibal, Scipio let him live AND refused to destroy Carthage Tensions remain high, one Senator ended all of his speeches with “Carthage must be destroyed” War declared, laid siege on Carthage for 3 years Romans pulled an Alexander! Enslaved entire population, burnt the city to the ground & salted the fields---Why? 1st instance of Genocide?