NEW CHAPTER - 11- Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa

START UP Why do you think historians have a “sketchy” knowledge of Southern Africa but a better knowledge of Northern Africa?? !

Bantu Migrations

Trade & Travel Large deserts and steep waterfalls made it difficult to travel in Africa

The Changing Sahara Desertification

Savanna Grassy plains Good for farming and herding Most Africans live in the savanna

Nile Many people settled along the Nile River Valley

Egypt & Nubia Both developed around the same time along the Nile River Had contact with each other

WEB Influences on AFRICA What parts of the world would you guess will be on the chart?

Greek influence Traded with Egypt Eventually ruled Egypt under Alexander the Great

Roman Influence Conquered and ruled North Africa Built roads, aqueducts, dams, and cities Spread Christianity

Asian Influence Introduced camels

Arab Influence Conquered cities in North Africa Spread Islam Brought Arabic language Spread Muslim ideas and learning

West Africa West African towns became very powerful trading states

When you think of West Africa… SALT GOLD

Salt & Gold Were the two most important traded items in Western Africa No salt in the savanna Need salt to prevent dehydration

Ghana Empire African Empire that takes control of trade in 800

Mali Empire Crushes Ghana and takes control of the trade routes

Songhai Empire Takes control of the trade routes Sets up a Muslim dynasty

Mansa Musa Becomes the emperor of Mali Converts to Islam Builds a great trading city and center of learning called Timbuktu

In a recent book, Cynthia Crossen, senior editor of the prestigious financial newspaper Wall Street Journal, wrote: "You've heard about the extraordinary wealth of Bill Gates, J. P. Morgan, and the sultan of Brunei, but have you heard of Mansa Musa, one of the richest men who ever lived?" Continuing this theme, Mrs Crossen comments that: "Neither producer nor inventor, Mansa Musa was an early broker, greasing the wheels of intercultural trade. He created wealth by making it possible for others to buy and sell". Dr Davidson suggested that the rulers of Mali were "rumoured to have been the wealthiest m[e]n on the face of the earth".

“Wealth, if you use it, comes to an end; learning, if you use it, increases”- Swahili saying Write down quote Explain in your own words Do you agree? Explain -------------------------

REVIEW 1. Why is Mansa Musa so wealthy? 2. Al Omari wrote: “he is the king that is most feared by his enemies and the most able to do good to those around him.” What did he mean by this? Is it better to be feared or loved?

Quiz- Africa- Monday “Wealth, if you use it; comes to an end; learning, if you use it, increases” -Swahili Saying Describe in your own words!

East Africa AXUM Conquered and absorbed Nubia Controlled the trade network between Africa and the Mediterranean

Axum converts to Christianity The spread of Islam in Africa led to its decline

Swahili A new language developed in Axum Combined Arab and Bantu

African Villages Villages helped each other Most worshiped many gods and goddesses Looked toward ancestors for help Each family belonged to a lineage several lineages formed a clan

The Griots of Africa Open Text to Page 296 Read “The Griots of Africa”- Answer 1-3