Renaissance: Means rebirth, revival in learning and arts Educated men and women wanted to bring back classical culture of ancient Greece and Rome Led to new values, such as emphasis on the individual (meaning focus on yourself)

City-States Crusades led to large city-states developing in N. Italy Became urban, while rest of Europe was mainly rural Place where many different people exchanged ideas and was breeding ground for intellectual revolution

Merchant Class Made lots and lots of money (wealthy) Several merchants go into politics for the interest of their $$$ (the Medici Family) How are merchants making so much $$$$$????

TRADE!!!!!

Classical Values Humanism: intellectual movement focused on human potential + achievements Influenced artists + architects to carry on classical traditions (ancient Greece + Rome) Popularized study of humanities (history, lit. + philosophy)

Humanists believed people could enjoy life w/o offending God Wealthy started enjoying luxuries, good music + fine foods Society more secular (separate from religion) – worldly, instead of spiritual. Worried about the here & now

Printing Press Johann Gutenberg invents printing press 1440s Allowed printer to produce hundreds of copies of single book Books now cheaper and more available

More people are now able to read w/ more access to books!!!

Renaissance Man/Woman All educated men should create art and excel in many fields, becoming “Renaissance Man” Women should know classic studies Inspire art, but not create it Had little influence in politics

Renaissance Art Artists were sponsored by patrons, so they could focus solely on their art, not working other jobs Perspective Technique: shows three dimensions on flat surfaces (3D) Artists made people more realistic in their projects (Michelangelo was famous for this) Donatello made sculptures from realistic positions w/ expressions

Donatello’s St. Mark

Michelangelo + Sistine Chapel Video: 5:55 Discovery Ed.

Raphael + The Entombment

Leonardo da Vinci + Mona Lisa True “Renaissance Man” because he painted, learned + invented gadgets (flying machines)

Not to be confused with…

Machiavelli Political advisor wrote The Prince about how a ruler should rule. They should be strong as lion, shrew as fox Machiavelli not concerned w/ morally right, but w/ political power Effective leader has to mislead his people + opponents for kingdom’s own good