The Certified Quality Process Analyst Handbook 1st edition Chapter 9: Basic Quality Tools 2nd edition Chapter 3: Quality Tools Presented by Dr. Joan Burtner Certified Quality Engineer Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management

Seven Classic Problem-Solving Tools of Quality Check Sheet Pareto Chart Scatter Diagram Histogram Cause-and-Effect Diagram Flowchart Control Chart IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 1: Check Sheet Also known as a tally sheet Helps gather data on the frequency of occurrence of particular events or defects Check sheet design often requires prior knowledge of the process Poor Performance on Statistics Exam Check Sheet SS MS JB RR GB didn't eat breakfast √   not enough sleep didn't study too many exams that day didn't understand topic poor math skills unfair test forgot to bring calculator IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 2: Pareto Chart Pareto (an 1800s Italian economist) noted that 80 percent of the wealth in Italy was held by 20 percent of the population Juran (20th century) 80% of the variation in a process is caused by 20% of the variables 20% - vital few 80% - trivial many or useful many IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 2: Pareto Chart Causes are frequently documented in a check list which is used to generate a Pareto chart Managers use Pareto charts to help focus or prioritize process improvement efforts IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 3: Scatter Diagram Also known as an X-Y graph “Shows whether or not there is a correlation between two variables” Caution: A statistical correlation does not guarantee a direct cause and effect Linear/nonlinear Positive/negative IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 4: Histogram Bar graph that represents the frequency distribution of the data X-axis shows cell boundaries Y-axis shows cell frequency Shape of the bars is only a rough indication of the distribution IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 5: Cause-and-Effect Diagram Other names Fishbone diagram Ishikawa diagram C-E diagram Used to show the many different causes that may contribute to a problem (effect) Causes are frequently generated through brainstorming sessions Methods Machine Flat Tire Man Materials IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 5: Cause and Effect Diagram Manufacturing Environment 4M Chart Man Machine Methods Materials Service Environment 4P Chart People Policies Procedures Plant Other categories sometimes used (6M, etc.) IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 6: Flowchart Load Maps the sequence of steps and decision points in a process Helps group to have common understanding of the process Wash Dry Paint Cure Distribute Scrap IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Classic Quality Tool 7: Control Chart Purpose Indicates how a process behaves over time Shows when a process is being influenced by special causes Chart consists of UCL, CL, LCL, and data points Examined for nonrandom patterns See Chapter 14 (2nd edition) or Chapter 20 (1st edition) for detailed discussion of control charts. IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

Contact Information Email: Burtner_J@Mercer.edu US Mail: Mercer University School of Engineering Macon, GA Phone: (478) 301- 4127 IDM 355 Fall 2017 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering