Vectors in The R2 and R3 Sub Chapter : Terminology Dot Product and Orthogonal Projection Cross Product and Its Application Some Applications : Computer Graphics Quantization on Compression Process Least Square on Optimization Etc 10/11/2018 9:59
Vector besaran yang mempunyai arah Vector notation Terminology Vector besaran yang mempunyai arah Vector notation Length (norm) of vector is Vector satuan Vector which length (norm) is equal to one. 10/11/2018 9:59
be vector in a Vector Space Addition of vector Let and be vector in a Vector Space Vector defined by 10/11/2018 9:59
Operations of Vectors : Addition two vector (in the same space) Multiplication of vektor (a) with scalar with another vector Dot Product Cross Product 10/11/2018 9:59
Multiplication vektor with scalar Multiplication of vector with scalar k, define as vector which the length is k times of length of vector . The direction of vector If k > 0 in the same direction with If k < 0 opposite direction with 10/11/2018 9:59
Are vector in the same space Let dan Are vector in the same space then 10/11/2018 9:59
Multiplication of two vectors dot product cross product Dot product Operation of two vectors in the same space and produce a scalar Cross product Operation of two vectors in R3 which produce a orthogonal vector 10/11/2018 9:59
be in the same space then we have Dot Product Let be in the same space then we have where : norm of : The angle of two vectors 10/11/2018 9:59
Find dot product of two vektor dan Answer : Example 2 : Find dot product of two vektor dan Answer : Because tan = 1 or = 450 = 4 10/11/2018 9:59
Some properties of dot product : 1. 2. 3. We get : Hence = 2 (2) + 0 (2) = 4 Some properties of dot product : 1. 2. 3. 10/11/2018 9:59
DOT PRODUCT Formula can be written as Formula of dot product can be used to obtain information about the angle () between two vectors is acute if and only if u.v > 0 is obtuse if and only if u.v < 0 = /2 if and only if u.v = 0 10/11/2018 9:59
VECTORS OPERATIONS Let u = (u1,u2) then ||u|| is given by formula Let u = (u1,u2,u3) then ||u|| is given by formula Distance between 2 point (vector) Let A(a1,a2) and B(b1,b2) are two points (vectors) in 2-space, then distance between A and B is given by formula Let A(a1,a2,a3) and B(b1,b2,b3) are two points (vectors) in 3-space, then distance between A and B is 10/11/2018 9:59
VECTORS OPERATIONS Example 1 Let u = (1,2,2), ||u||= ? Solution Determine distance between A(1,1,1) and B(2,3,4) Solution 10/11/2018 9:59
ORTOGONAL PROJECTION 10/11/2018 9:59
Find ortogonal projection vector Example Find ortogonal projection vector relatively to vector 10/11/2018 9:59
Answer: 10/11/2018 9:59
EXERCISES Let a = (k,k,1) and b = (k,3,-4). Find k a. If angle between a and b is acute b. If angle between a and b is obtuse c. If angle between a and b is orthogonal 2. Find orthogonal projection vector a relatively to vector b 10/11/2018 9:59
CROSS PRODUCT Definition Let a =(a1,a2,a3) and b = (b1,b2,b3) are vectors in 3-space, then cross product a x b is the vector defined by Where i,j,k are standard unit vector i=(1,0,0), j=(0,1,0) and k=(0,0,1) Relationships Cross Product and Dot Product a.(axb) = 0 ( axb ortogonal to a) b.(axb) = 0 ( axb ortogonal to b) ||axb||2 = ||a||2 ||b||2 – (a.b) (Lagrange Identity) 10/11/2018 9:59
CROSS PRODUCT Properties of Cross Product If a,b and c are vectors in 3-space and k : scalar,then axb = - (bxa) ax(b+c) = (axb) +(axc) (a+b)xc = (axc) +(bxc) k(axb) = (ka)xb = ax(kb) ax0 = 0xa = 0 axa = 0 10/11/2018 9:59
CROSS PRODUCT 10/11/2018 9:59
CROSS PRODUCT 10/11/2018 9:59
Example : Find where Answer : 10/11/2018 9:59
CROSS PRODUCT Geometric Interpretation We can derive formula ||axb|| using Lagrange Identity. The formula is || axb || = ||a|| ||b|| sin What is this ? a Area of Parallelogram ||a|| sin = ||a|| ||b|| sin ||b|| b Area of Triangle = ½ . ||a|| ||b|| sin = ½ || axb || 10/11/2018 9:59
CROSS PRODUCT Example Find the area of triangle determined by the point A(1,2,3), B(2,2,2) and C(2,0,2) Solution Let area of ABC triangle C AB = a = (1,0,-1) Area of Triangle = ½ || axb || AC = b = (1,-2,-1) A B a x b = -2i -2k = (-2,0,-2) || axb || Area of ABC triangle 10/11/2018 9:59
Example : Let A, B, C be node in R³ : A = (1, –1, –2) B = (4, 1, 0) Use cross product to find the area of triangular ABC and area of parallelogram ABCD! Answer : A as initial vector 10/11/2018 9:59
Area of triangular ABC Area of parallelogram 10/11/2018 9:59
Hence, area of triangular : B as initial vector = (1,-1,-2) – (4,1,0) = (-3,-2,-2) = (2,3,3) – (4,1,0) = (-2,2,3) Hence, area of triangular : Area of parallelogram 10/11/2018 9:59 =
Find cos angle of vectors : a. and b. and Exercise 4 Find cos angle of vectors : a. and b. and Find orthogonal projection vector a relatively to vector b. a. dan b. Dan 3. Find : 10/11/2018 9:59
4. Find two unit vector which orthogonal to 5. Find a vector which orthogonal to vector and 6. Find area of triangular PQR, where P (2, 0, –3), Q (1, 4, 5), and R (7, 2, 9) and find an area of parallelogram ! 10/11/2018 9:59