By:Elleah Chin, Jake Choy and Gyu Bin Han Fighting Disease By:Elleah Chin, Jake Choy and Gyu Bin Han

Bell Work! Bingo!

Contents 1 4 Major types of pathgens that infect humans include protists,fungi,virus and bacteria. 2 The bodies first line of defence is the skin, breathing passages, mouth, stomach, and the inflammatory response. (Inflammatory respones) The immune system is the second line of defence. Its when the T cells, B cells and antibody work together to protect the body. 3 4 The differences between Active and passive immunity. How vaccination helps you’re Immune system to fight against pathogens. 5 Elleah

Introducing Pathogens The four major groups of pathogens that infect humans: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists. Your body supports a pathogens needs Can spread through an infected person, soil, animals ,food, water or any other contaminated objects. Jake

Types of Pathogens Bacteria: Virus: Single celled microorganisms Cause wide variety of diseases such (ear infections, food poisoning, and strep throat) Some damage body cells directly by producing toxin/poison Virus: Tiny particles, much smaller than bacteria Needs a host cell to reproduce. There are more than 200 kinds of cold viruses Jake

Types of Pathogens 2 Fungi Molds/yeasts, causes infectious diseases like athlete’s foot and ringworm Grow best in warm, dark, and moist areas Protists Can causes diseases Malraria is an infection of the blood that is common is tropical and humid areas. African sleeping sickness, dysentery and malraria is caused by protists. Jake

First Line of Defence Human body contains a lot barriers that keeps pathogens out. Skin: Skin produces oil and sweat which prevents pathogens entering the skin, also dead cells falls off, making the pathogens even harder to enter the skin. Breathing Passages: Our body makes us sneeze or cough in order to get the pathogens fourcefully out from the body. Mouth and Stomach: Contains acid and saliva which detroys and kills pathogens, without harming the human body. Gyubin

Inflammatory Response Inflammatory response is also the part of the first line defence. White blood cells: The type of white bloodcells involved in inflammatory response are phagocyte. white blood cells fight pathogens by engulfing them and destorys them by breaking them down. Gyubin

Inflammatory Response 2 Inflammation: Blood vessles widen in the infected areas, which causes more white blood cells and fluid to the area.The fluid and the enlarged blood vessels makes the affected area red and swallen. Fever: Fever is caused by the chemicals produced during the inflammatory response. Although fever makes you feel bad, it actually helps your body to fight against the infection. Gyubin

Second Line of Defense 1 If the first defense does not work, Our body uses second line of defense. Second line of defense is more detailed because T cells actually find out what kind of pathogens are. In Second line of defense there are T cells, B cells and antibodies Elleah

Second Line of Defence 2 T cells finds a pathogens. Hey guys! I found a pathogens! The process of fighting pathogens. Make! T cells finds a pathogens. T cells damage the pathogens and the damaged body cells. B cells makes antibodies. Antibodies eats the pathogens and B cells remebers it. attack! Let’s eat theml! Elleah

Passive Immunity Passive Immunity results when antibodies are given to a person since the person’s immune system doesn’t produce antibodies. Since the T cells and B cells doesn’t have any “memories” of certain types of pathogens,(rare pathogens like rabies and HIV) Interestingly, T cells and B cells are not able to keep the memory of rabies, HIV or any other pathogens which are passive immunity. Gyubin

Active Immunity Active Immunity can result either from getting infected by pathogens of being vaccinated. It happens when a person’s own immune systems produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogens. After the person recovers from pathogens, T cells and B cells keeps the “memory” of the pathogens’ antigen. The memory can last for years and sometimes forever. Elleah

Vaccination Vaccination is a secound way to gain active immunity. Vaccination is a process when a weakened or mostly killed pathogens are delibrately introduced into a person’s body to produce active immunity. T cells and B cell will keep the “memory” of the pathogens. Vaccinations are often given by injection,by mouth and through a nasal spray. After you receive a vaccination, you do not get sick. Gyubin

Video (Immune system) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ng22Ucr33aw

Script (explainiations are in the paper) Class Activity Script (explainiations are in the paper)

Thank you for listening Credits to:Elleah Chin, Gyu Bin Han and Jake Choy