Regulate cell chemisty Enzymes Regulate cell chemisty

Enzymes Enzymes- are biological catalysts, or chemicals that accelerate a chemical reaction without itself being affected by the reaction.

Enzymes Groups of enzymes work together to carry out a given metabolic function. This process must be regulated in order to allow the cell to meet its changing needs for energy.

Enzymes Enzymes - are vital to such bodily functions as digestion Large Insoluble Molecule Type of Enzyme Small Soluble Product Carbohydrate (e.g. Starch) Carbohydrase Simple Sugars (e.g. glucose) Protein Protease (e.g. pepsin) Amino Acids Fat/Lipids Lipase Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Enzymes 1.Enzyme – usually end in ase Amylase -enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars (saliva) Lactase – enzyme that breaks down sugar to produce energy

Enzymes often associate with other molecules to get the job done

Enzymes Cofactor Aid in the action of the enzyme Non-protein link to enzymes / presence is essential to the activity of those enzymes

Enzymes Cofactors work by changing the shape of an enzyme Specificity                          

Enzymes 3. Substrate In an enzymatic reaction, the reactant that the enzyme acts upon is: Substrate Lactase Lactose Galactose Glucose

Enzymes A number of variables effect enzyme activity: Temperature pH

Enzymes Heat-sensitive enzyme Controls Melanin More enzyme activity in cooler areas(darker) The enzyme the determines melanin optimal temp is below 103 Less enzyme activity in warmer areas (lighter)