Macromolecules and Enzymes Review Questions!

Please high-light them!!! Words in Bold Pink Please high-light them!!!

Which of the following is a solute? ReviewQuestion Which of the following is a solute? Water Sugar Vinegar Carbon dioxide

Which of the following has the most basic pH? ReviewQuestion Which of the following has the most basic pH? 7 7.1 7.5 8

ReviewQuestion 3.1 pH is: Acidic Basic Neutral None of the above

Gastric protease works best in which type of pH? ReviewQuestion Gastric protease works best in which type of pH? Neutral Basic Acidic All of the above

Which of the following is a solvent? ReviewQuestion Which of the following is a solvent? Water Sugar Vinegar Carbon dioxide

Carbon Based Molecules Have unique bonding properties. Result of Carbons ability to form 4 covalent bonds

Monomer-Polymer

Organic Molecules There are 4 organic molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids * These are also called macromolecules

Macromolecule Concept Map ! Macromolecule Concept Map Carbon Compounds includes that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of Macro means LARGE

***Most of an organisms’ energy come from carbohydrates!*** Carbohydrate: Organic compound containing Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen with a ratio of 1:2:1 Carbohydrates are basically sugars and starches. ***Most of an organisms’ energy come from carbohydrates!***

Carbohydrates Continued Monosaccharides are simple sugar molecules. Examples: This is glucose, galactose, sucrose and fructose (sugars). Glucose is 1 : 2 : 1 Many monosaccharides together make up polysaccharides. This is the excess sugar that we store as glycogen that can turn into fat Ex: starches, glycogen, cellulose

Write these Video Questions & answer them while you watch the video clip. 1. Sugars belong to a class of chemicals called ___. 2. What is glucose made-up of? 3. What is a good example of a very long polymer of glucose called ___. 4. Starches are nothing more than very long chains of ____.

Carbohydrate Video Clip

Major source of energy for the body Macromolecule Concept Map Lets fill in the chart! Carbon Compounds includes Carbohydrates that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of Sugars & Starches Major source of energy for the body Macro means LARGE

Lipids Non polar Lipids: these are used to store energy. They are found in cell membranes. Fats, oils, & waxes Also water proofs Video

Lipids Continued Many lipids contain 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol. They are called triglycerides Saturated: animal fat, fatty acid saturated with hydrogen atoms Unsaturated: plant oils, fewer hydrogen Fats and oils are similar but why are animal fats solid and plant oil liquid? The double bonds in unsaturated fat makes kinks in the fatty acid. As a result, the molecules cannot pack together tightly enough to make a solid

Major source of energy for the body Macromolecule Concept Map Lets fill in the chart! Carbon Compounds includes Lipids Carbohydrates that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of Fats & Oils Sugars & Starches Major source of energy for the body Stores energy & water proofs Macro means LARGE

Nucleic Acids Detailed instructions to build proteins are stored in nucleic acids Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.

Nucleic Acids Continued Polymers made of monomers called nucleotides Nucleotides consist of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base. 2 types: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) & Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Video Questions: 1. Nucleic acids are made up of long chains of subunits called ____. 2. Chromosomes contain huge molecules called deoxyribonucleic acid also known as ___.

Nucleic Acids Video Clip

Stores & Transmits Genetic Info Major source of energy for the body Macromolecule Concept Map Lets fill in the chart! Carbon Compounds includes Nucleic Acids Lipids Carbohydrates that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of Fats & Oils Sugars & Starches Nucleotides Stores & Transmits Genetic Info Major source of energy for the body Stores energy & water proofs Macro means LARGE

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule? ReviewQuestion Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule? Carbohydrate Lipid Amino acid Nucleic acid

Which of the following foods is NOT an example of a carbohydrate? ReviewQuestion Which of the following foods is NOT an example of a carbohydrate? Sugar Potatoes Bread Meat

Genetic material is made with this macromolecule: ReviewQuestion Genetic material is made with this macromolecule: Nucleic acid Lipid Protein Carbohydrate

Which of the following is NOT a sugar? ReviewQuestion Which of the following is NOT a sugar? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Lactose d. Pepsin

Proteins Proteins (polymer) are composed of smaller units called amino acids (monomer). Amino Acids: Are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen (sometimes sulfur). Form covalent bonds with one another called peptide bonds. Through peptide bonds, amino acids are linked together into chains called polypeptides. A protein is one or more polypeptides

Example: Amylase found in saliva. Proteins: Enzymes Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. * Enzymes are made of proteins. Example: Amylase found in saliva. Amylase speeds up the breakdown of amylose, a substance in starch (in foods). * Most enzymes are specific to 1 reaction

Proteins A catalyst,, is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. * Catalysts speeds up chemical reactions thousands of times faster.

Proteins:Enzymes Activation Energy: The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reactions.

Proteins: How enzymes work Substrate: The reactants that bind to the enzyme. Active Site: The specific location where a substance binds to an enzyme. * The active site and the substrate have complementary shapes (“Lock & Key”) Click on picture to see an animation!

Proteins: How enzymes work Only substrates with the same size and shape as the active site will bind to the enzyme (like puzzle pieces). pH and temperature mainly affect enzyme activity. Click on picture for link

Pepsin: An Enzyme Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that begins the digestion of proteins by splitting them into smaller pieces. Pepsin works at a pH level of around 2 which is acidic Antacids are used to neutralize pepsin by increasing the pH level to around 6 or 7

What does Macro Mean? Macromolecule Concept Map Lets fill in the chart! Carbon Compounds includes Nucleic Acids Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of Fats & Oils Amino Acids Sugars & Starches Nucleotides Growth/ repair & make up enzymes Stores & Transmits Genetic Info Major source of energy for the body Stores energy & water proofs What does Macro Mean?

Enzymes are which type of macromolecule? ReviewQuestion Enzymes are which type of macromolecule? a. Lipids b. Carbohydrate c. Proteins d. Nucleic Acids

What do enzymes do during a reaction? ReviewQuestion What do enzymes do during a reaction? a. Nothing b. Slows it down c. Speeds it up d. Burns it up

What two conditions change how enzymes work? ReviewQuestion What two conditions change how enzymes work? a. Water & temperature b. Temperature & pH c. Solid & gas d. None of the above

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