Contour segments
Skeletal tier All segments are associated to C or V on CV tier X can replace both C and V
Skeletal tier True geminate ‘città’ False geminate ‘white teeth’
Skeletal tier What sound sequences are single units? [ts] as two units ’cats’ [ts] as single unit ‘tsunami’
What is CV representation (X) of ‘child’?
What is CV representation (X) of ‘child’?
Does Spanish have ‘real’ long vowels? [eskriße] ‘he writes’ [re:skriße] ‘he rewrites’
Does Spanish have ‘real’ long vowels? [eskriße] ‘he writes’ [re:skriße] ‘he rewrites’ [aɵa:r] ’orange blossom’ [mo:] ‘mildew’ [le] ‘to him’ [le:] ‘he reads’ [alco:l] ‘alcohol [kre:] ‘he believes’
What is X representation? [re:skriße] ‘he rewrites’ [aɵa:r] ’orange blossom’
What is X representation? [re:skriße] ‘he rewrites’ [aɵa:r] ’orange blossom’
Gabri de Darbe What keeps you from assuming maximal CVC?
Gabri de Darbe What keeps you from assuming maximal CVC? Existence of [mb, nd, ŋg, ʤ]
Gabri de Darbe New info: [mb, nd, ŋg] never word initial but [ʤ] is What does this suggest about [ʤ]?
Gabri de Darbe New info: [mb, nd, ŋg] never word initial but [ʤ] is What does this suggest about [ʤ]? It is single unit (one X associated to two phones)
Gabri de Darbe [mb, nd, ŋg] never word initial so . . .
Gabri de Darbe [mb, nd, ŋg] never word initial so . . . They are two phones associated to two Xs
Gabri de Darbe [mb, nd, ŋg] never word initial so . . . They are two phones associated to two Xs So what is maximal syllable?
Gabri de Darbe [mb, nd, ŋg] never word initial so . . . They are two phones associated to two Xs So what is maximal syllable? CVN
Gabri de Darbe If [ndalo] existed then . . . [nd] would be [nd] associated to one X
Gabri de Darbe What would X representation be of [ʤuŋgo]?
Gabri de Darbe What would X representation be of [ʤuŋgo]?
Pitch The frequency a sound, word, sentence is produced at
Pitch The frequency a sound, word, sentence is produced at Languages use pitch for different purposes
Stress A syllable gets more prominence than another I’m going to recórd this récord Lollapalóoza’s in Tuscalóosa
Stress A syllable gets more prominence than another I’m going to recórd this récord Lollapalóoza’s in Tuscalóosa Among other things stressed syllables have higher pitch
Stress [depósito deposíto depositó]
Stress [depósito deposíto depositó] Why are there gaps in pitch contour?
Tone Pitch differences change meaning of word. All syllables have a tone
Tone in Thai Thai has 5 tones
Tone Many languages are tonal (white is no tone)
Intonation Using tone across spans of many words
Intonation Using tone across spans of many words It does not change basic meaning of sentence, but nuance of meaning
Intonation
Pitch Pitch varies according to gender, age Male 85-155 Hz Female 165-255 Hz Child 250-650 Hz
Pitch Pitch varies according to gender, age Male 85-155 Hz Female 165-255 Hz Child 250-650 Over 1000 Hz when screaming
Example Dr. E’s voice.
Example Dr. E’ sister’s voice