Element Identities

What are the electrical charges of each of the three subatomic particles? Protons are Positive Neutrons are neutral Electrons are negative

How does the mass of a neutron compare to the mass of a proton? Neutrons and Protons have almost equal masses

How does the mass of a proton compare to the mass of an electron? The mass of a proton is much greater than the mass of an electron

How many electrons does it take to equal the mass of one neutron? Protons and neutrons have similar masses, so it would take 1,836 electrons to equal the mass of one neutron or proton

In an atom, where is the majority of the mass found? The majority of the mass is found in the nucleus where the protons and neutrons are located.

Silver Ag Iodine I As Ca Tin Sn Cl Kr H C Silicon Si Gold Au Ge Arsenic As Calcium Ca Tin Sn Chlorine Cl Krypton Kr Hydrogen H Carbon C Silicon Si Gold Au Germanium Ge

Na Br P F O Al Boron B Helium He K Mg N Neon Ne Sodium Na Bromine Br Phosphorus P Fluorine F Oxygen O Aluminum Al Boron B Helium He Potassium K Magnesium Mg Nitrogen N Neon Ne

Number of Valence electrons Element Name Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Group Period Number of Valence electrons    Sodium 11 23-11=12  1  3   Aluminum  13 27-13=14  13   Magnesium  12 24-12=12  2  Which element above is most reactive? Why? Sodium because it has 1 valence electron. It wants to lose the valence electron to have a full shell underneath

Number of Valence electrons Element Name Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Group Period Number of Valence electrons  Calcium  20 40-20=20 2 4  Potassium  19  39-19=20 1  Gallium 31  70-31=39 13  3 Which element above is most reactive? Why? Potassium because it has 1 valence electron. It wants to lose the valence electron to have a full shell underneath

Number of Valence electrons Element Name Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Group Period Number of Valence electrons  Neon 10  20-10=10  18 2 8  Oxygen  8  16-8=8 16 6  Fluorine  9  19-9=10 17 7 Which element above is most reactive? Why? Fluorine because it has 7 valence electrons. It wants to gain 1 valence electron to have a full shell.

How are groups and periods helpful in locating an element on the Periodic Table? Groups are the vertical columns and the periods are the horizontal rows The groups tell how many valence electrons The periods tell how many shells

What information is needed to identify an element? The atomic number is the number of protons It is also the number of electrons in a neutron atom Atomic Number Protons Electrons

How does the reactivity of a metal differ from nonmetals? Metals with the fewest number of valence electrons are most reactive With the exception of noble gases (with a full shell) nonmetals with the most valence electrons are most reactive

How does the number of protons help you determines the identity of an element? The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an element.

Where on the Periodic Table are the most reactive metals located? The most reactive metals are located on the far left hand side Group 1, the alkali metals

Where on the Periodic Table are the most reactive nonmetals located? The most reactive nonmetals are located in group 17 on the right side of the table Group 17 are the halogens

What determines the reactivity of an element? Valence electrons The closer an element is to a full shell, the more reactive it is

How are the noble gases different than the other elements on the Periodic Table? Noble gases have filled energy levels They are inert (not reactive) Other elements have unfilled energy levels and react to try and fill them