Atomic structure All material is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are extremely small particles. The head of a pin contains about 60 000 000.

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic structure All material is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are extremely small particles. The head of a pin contains about 60 000 000 000 000 000 000 atoms!

Mind map Mind map opportunity

Nucleus Consists of protons and neutrons Protons have a positive charge and neutrons are neutral. Nucleus Electrons move around the nucleus in shells. The shell is the place where groups of electrons are found. Electrons are negatively charged and 1/2000 the mass of a proton Add this to mind map

Note: an atom is 99.99% empty space - with all its mass concentrated into the nucleus. Famous Kiwi scientist, Rutherford, discovered this!

Neutral Atom ?

Al Nuclear Symbols Aluminum has 13 protons (+) and 13 electrons (-) Mass N. Al 27 13 Symbol of element Atomic N. Aluminum has 13 protons (+) and 13 electrons (-) Al has a mass N. of 27. The number of neutrons is 14 (27 minus 13).

K 39 19 potassium 19 K (___________) has ____ protons and ____ electrons. K has a mass number of ______. It has _____ neutrons (_____ minus _____). 19 39 20 39 19

Atomic number symbol Name 1 H Hydrogen 2 He Helium 3 Li Lithium 4 Be Beryllium 5 B Boron 6 C Carbon 7 N Nitrogen 8 O Oxygen 9 F Fluorine 10 Ne Neon The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. The atomic number determines which element an atom is.

Elements What is an element ? Each element is defined by the number of The table shows all known elements. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the element hydrogen is made from atoms containing a single proton and a single electron. If you change the number of protons an atom has, you change the type of element it is. http://education.jlab.org/qa/element.html

Can you do better? Hank Helps Little Benny Bouncy Consistently Near Open Fire Nextdoor Nasty Mr Allen Said People Should Climb Around K Ca Can you do better? Harry He Likes Beer But Could Not Often Find aNe Nasty Mr Allen Said People Should Climb Around K Ca

List some elements and their symbols, their uses and how these relate to their properties