Civilizations and Achievements Part II

Introduction to the Middle Ages Topic Key Features and Characteristics Feudalism, Manorialism and Religion Feudalism – political system of the Middle Ages, kings give land away to nobles for military service in return Manorialism – people lived on manors, they are self-sufficient, serfs cannot leave the land Religion – Roman Catholic Church (Pope) was very wealthy and had a lot of power in Western Europe Crusades Religious wars of the Middle Ages: Christians fought to regain control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims Results of the wars trade increases between Europe and the Middle East

Lords divided up their large land holdings among lesser lords. King gives land to his lords in exchange for their loyalty and protection Lords divided up their large land holdings among lesser lords. Lesser lords (vassals) pledged their service and loyalty to the greater lord, in return for a fief Knights pledged to protect the manor and go off and fight for the lord if necessary Serfs were bound to the land – worked the land for the lord

Transformation of Western Europe Event Key Features & Characteristics The Black Death Bubonic Plague in Europe Killed 25 million people in Europe Started in East Asia and spread along trade routes Result: depopulation, trade and production declined The Renaissance Golden Age of Western Europe Amazing achievements in art, literature and science Studied art from Greece and Rome Humanism – focus on human lives on earth not God The Protestant Reformation Religious revolution that questioned the Catholic Church Indulgences – reductions in punishment sold by the Catholic Church Martin Luther: 95 Thesis Division of the Catholic Church and Popes power decreased.

NOT MARTIN LUTHER KING JR……. THE CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER Martin Luther……. THE GERMAN MONK!

Think of the Ninja Turtles… Michelangelo, Donatello, Leonardo and Raphael

Leonardo Da Vinci’s The Mona Lisa

Mesoamerica: Maya, Aztec and Inca Civilization Location Achievements & Key Features Maya Mesoamerica (Mexico and Central America) Developed a calendar and form of writing Math – concept of “0” in math Aztec Mesoamerica: Mexico Tenochtitlan – capital city of Aztec Empire Calendar Form of writing Chinampas – floating gardens that Aztecs built in order to farm on the lake Inca Peru- Andes Mountains South America Machu Picchu Roads Bridges Terrace Farming – farming on a mountain

MESOAMERICA “Mexico & Central America”

Incan City of Machu Picchu