10th Euro Studies 11.03.16 Turn in: Take out: Today’s objective: Mswati III “outline” Take out: Planner Pen/pencil NOTES Today’s objective: I can describe how Spain was unified and the impact of Philip II had on the balance of powers in Europe. Today’s Agenda: Background on Isabella and Ferdinand Spain: Philip II Monarch Chart Map of Europe HW: In-Class: CRA pages 502-508 Ongoing: Begin working on map (focus on Spain…) Begin working on chart (focus on Spain…) & Philip II

BALANCE OF POWER

A power vacuum…Why? DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS -Black Plague and Wars weaken feudal lords -Renaissance weakens the power of the Catholic Church -Age of Exploration makes kings rich -Absolute Power is hereditary DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS The belief that kings get their power From God, NOT the people -Jean Bodin: Only absolutism could provide order and force people to obey authority

Age of absolutism -Age of Exploration = 5 powerful countries/families *England – The Tudors *France – The Bourbons *Spain – The Hapsburgs *Prussia – The Hohenzollerns *Russia – The Romanovs -Large Standing armies = Balance of Power in Europe *No more feudal armies “The absolute and perpetual power of a Republic” Centralized Government Central governments evolved into nation-states with strict boundaries with unified role with permanent armies Citizens shared: language colture national loyalty religion (sometimes)

Ferdinand and Isabella—a match made in heaven? Not quite… Spain—half-sister of Henry IV (The Impotent) Remnants of the Medieval period…nobles gained/retained power Reconquista (Re-CONQUEST) Use of inquisition Drove out of Granadans Converted Jews and Muslims to Christianity (or killed many of them…) Sponsored Christopher Columbus Promoted Catholicism and got gold

Ferdinand: Catholic Isabella: Catholic The Moors: Muslims

More Inquisition Torture

Spain a unified Catholic country The Inquisition and expelling of the Jews and Moors was so successful, that by the 1500’s, Spain was almost completely Catholic The exploration of the Americas brought $$$ In the process, Isabella and Ferdinand became the most powerful “kings” in Europe Gender roles???

Charles I—Two Crowns Hapsburg family HRE & Spain Exploration What do you notice about the map? Areas held by Spain (Orange) Areas held by Spain (Yellow on the left…)

Charles V ORANGE=LAND INHERITED GREEN=FRIENDS YELLOW=LAND GAINED I BLUE=ENEMIES The Netherlands GERMAN “KINGDOMS” Lots of land…little resistance Austria

Charles V—Two Crowns Charles I—Two Crowns Charles I—Two Crowns Let’s count in Spanish… Uno, dos…uno, dos, CINCO! Becomes Charles V, but heavy weighs the crown… More vernacular—abdicate!

Charles V ORANGE=LAND INHERITED GREEN=FRIENDS YELLOW=LAND GAINED BLUE=ENEMIES GERMAN “KINGDOMS” Lots of land…little resistance, but it’s so far away… Darn…the French, always in the way… OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Phillip II Grandson of Isabella & Ferdinand 1500’s Spain 4 marriages—second wife was “Bloody” Mary His empire provided him with incredible wealth. Had supplied Spain with estimated 339,000 pounds of gold. Roughly 16,000 tons of silver bullion were unloaded. Defeated Ottoman fleet into fierce battle near Leponto. The Spanish Armada—invasion of England Didn’t go so well for Phillip and the Spanish…