The 5 Types of Chemical Reactions

The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions There are 5 types of chemical reactions that you must be able to identify. They are: The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions Synthesis Reactions (a.k.a. Addition Reaction) 2) Decomposition Reaction 3) Single Displacement Reactions 4) Double Displacement Reactions 5) Combustion Reactions

The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions Synthesis Reaction a.k.a. Addition/Composition Reaction The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions When two or more reactants (elements or compounds) combine to produce one new product. - A + B  A B A + BC  ABC AB + CD  ABCD

The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions Synthesis Reaction The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions +  A + B  AB

Synthesis Reactions H2 + Cl2  2 HCl H2O + SO2  H2SO3 Examples: H2 + Cl2  2 HCl H2O + SO2  H2SO3 Zn + Cl2  ZnCl2

 - + A B A B ABC  A + BC ABC  A + B + C ABCD  AB + CD 2) Decomposition Reaction When one compound is broken down into two or more products, which can be elements or compounds. Exact opposite of synthesis reactions.  - + A B A B ABC  A + BC ABC  A + B + C ABCD  AB + CD

2) Decomposition Reaction  AB  A + B

Decomposition Reactions Examples: 2 H2O  2 H2 + O2 CaCO3  CaO + CO2

Combustion Reactions When a compound or element is reacted with O2 (g) to form the most common oxides that make up that compound. -These reactions usually accompany heat and light. Complete combustion – products H2O and CO2 Incomplete Combustion - products H2O and CO

Combustion Reactions Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas. This is also called burning!!! In order to burn something you need the 3 things in the “fire triangle”: 1) A Fuel (hydrocarbon) 2) Oxygen to burn it with 3) Something to ignite the reaction (spark)

Combustion Reactions In general: CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O Products in combustion are ALWAYS carbon dioxide and water. (although incomplete burning does cause some by-products like carbon monoxide) Combustion is used to heat homes and run automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is C8H18)

Combustion Reactions Edgar Allen Poe’s drooping eyes and mouth are potential signs of CO poisoning.

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4.2: Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions Synthesis reaction A + B  AB Ex. metal + oxygen  metal oxide 2 Mg (s) + O2 (g)  2 MgO (s) Ex. metal + nonmetal  salt 2 Na (s) + Cl2 (g)  2 NaCl (s) Decomposition Reaction AB  A + B Ex. 2 HgO (s)  2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)

The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions 3) Single Displacement Reaction The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions When an element and a compound react to form a new element and a new compound. + A + BC  AC B A + BC  B + AC AB + C  AC + B

The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions 3) Single Displacement Reaction The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions +  + A + BC  B + AC

Activity Series Foiled again – Copper loses to Aluminum F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 Li Rb K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H2 Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Element Reactivity Foiled again – Copper loses to Aluminum F2 Cl2 Br2 I2

Single Displacement Reactions: A variety of predictions can be made based on the activity series of metals:   potassium (K) most reactive never found form stable sodium (Na) calcium (Ca) “free” in nature compounds magnesium (Mg) aluminum (Al) zinc (Zn) iron (Fe) nickel (Ni) tin (Sn) lead (Pb) hydrogen (H) copper (Cu) mercury (Hg) silver (Ag) platinum (Pt) found “free” form unstable gold (Au) least reactive in nature compounds

The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displacing metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe + CuSO4  Ni + NaCl  Li + ZnCO3  Al + CuCl2  K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au No, Ni is below Na Yes, Li is above Zn Yes, Al is above Cu Yes, Fe is above Cu Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3

A variety of predictions can also be made based on the activity series of nonmetals: fluorine (F) most reactive never found form stable Chlorine (Cl) “free” in nature compounds bromine (Br) oxygen (O) iodine (I) found “free” form unstable sulphur (S) least reactive in nature compounds A nonmetallic element will displace from a compound (in solution) any nonmetal that is located below it in the activity series of nonmetals. Examples: 1. F2(g) + 2NaBr(aq)  2NaF(aq) + Br2(aq) 2. I2(s) + NaBr(aq)  no reaction

Mg + 2 HCl  MgCl2 + H2 Cl2 + 2 NaI  I2 + 2NaCl Single Displacement Reactions Examples: Mg + 2 HCl  MgCl2 + H2 Cl2 + 2 NaI  I2 + 2NaCl

The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions 4) Double Displacement Reaction The 4 Types of Chemical Reactions When two compounds react to form two new compounds. + AB + CD  AD CB AB + CD  AD + CB

4) Double Displacement Reaction DANCING +  +

Double Displacement Reactions Example: Ca(OH)2 + MgSO4  Mg(OH)2 +CaSO4

Double Replacement Reactions Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together Example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) Another example: K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)  KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s) 2

Neutralization Reactions neutralization reactions are when an acid and a base are combined with each other, forming two neutral products ACID + BASE  WATER + a SALT this is a special type of double displacement reaction.

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Practice some DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT!  Predict the products. Balance the equation HCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + Na3PO4(aq)  Pb(NO3)2(aq) + BaCl2(aq)  FeCl3(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq)  KOH(aq) + CuSO4(aq) 

Single and Double Replacement Reactions Single-replacement reaction Mg + CuSO4  MgSO4 + Cu General form: A + BC  AC + B Double-replacement reaction CaCO3 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + H2CO3 General form: AB + CD  AD + CB

Mixed Practice State the type, predict the products, and balance the following reactions: BaCl2 + H2SO4  C6H12 + O2  Zn + CuSO4  Cs + Br2  FeCO3 