Lab # 3 Blood Vessels Anatomy

Blood Vessels Arteries Pulmonary Pulmonary They carry blood away from the heart (they are efferent vessels) veins arteries Veins They carry blood back to (toward) the heart (they are afferent vessels Capillaries They connect the arteries with the veins

The Vessel Wall Lumen Tunica interna Tunica media Tunica externa It lines the blood vessel and is exposed to blood. Endothelium It is simple squamous epithelium overlying. a basement membrane Basement membrane Tunica media It consists of smooth muscle, collagen, and elastic tissue. Tunica externa It consists of loose connective tissue that often merges with that of neighboring blood vessels, nerves, or other organs. Vasa vasorum They are small vessels that supply blood to at least the outer half of the larger vessels. Nerve

Veins have a greater capacity for blood containment than arteries. In large arteries, blood pressure averages 90 to 100 mm Hg, whereas in veins it averages about 10 mm Hg. Veins, therefore, do not require thick, pressure resistant walls. Veins have thinner and flaccid walls and contain less muscular and elastic tissue than the arteries, that is why they can expand easily.

Artery Vein Vein Venous valve Endothelium Tunica interna Connective tissue Internal elastic membrane Circular smooth muscle Tunica media External elastic membrane Tunica externa

Pulmonary Arteries and Veins Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery Left pulmonary veins Right pulmonary veins Pulmonary trunk

Arteries of the Trunk (thorax) R. common carotid a. L. common carotid a. R. subclavian a. L. subclavian a. Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch Superior vena cava Ascending aorta Thoracic (descending) aorta (posterior to heart) Inferior vena cava Diaphragm Aortic hiatus Abdominal aorta Anterior view

Superficial Veins of the Head and Neck Arteries of the Head and Neck Temporal a. Vertebral v. External jugular v . Internal carotid a. External carotid a. Carotid sinus Internal jugular v . Thyroid gland Vertebral a. Subclavian v . Axillary v. Brachiocephalic v . Common carotid a. Subclavian a. (c) Superficial veins of the head and neck Axillary a. Brachiocephalic trunk Lateral view

Cerebral Arterial Circle or Circle of Willis Anterior communicating artery R. and L. posterior communicating arteries Cerebral Arterial Circle or Circle of Willis

Cerebral Arterial Circle or Circle of Willis Anterior communicating a. L. Anterior cerebral a. R. Anterior cerebral a. L. Internal carotid a. R. Internal carotid a. Optic nerves L. Middle cerebral a. R. Middle cerebral a. Pituitary gland L. Posterior communicating a. R. Posterior communicating a. L. Posterior cerebral a. R. Posterior cerebral a. Basilar a. L. Vertebral a. R. Vertebral a.

Arteries of the Upper Limb Right subclavian artery Arteries of the Upper Limb Right axillary artery Right brachial artery Right radial artery Right ulnar artery

Left Brachio- cephalic vein Veins of the Upper Limb Left subclavian vein Left Brachio- cephalic vein Left axillary vein Cephalic Brachial Basilic

Basilic Brachial Median cubital Cephalic Radial Ulnar

Median antebrachial vein Superficial palmar arch Median cubital vein Deep palmar arch Cephalic vein Brachial artery Cephalic vein Radial artery Brachial vein Median antebrachial vein Superficial palmar arch Axillary artery Ulnar artery Basilic vein Axillary vein Basilic vein

Arteries of the Trunk (abdomen and pelvis) Spleen Liver Pancreas Celiac trunk Celiac trunk L. gastric a. Common hepatic a. Pancreatic aa. Splenic a. Superior mesenteric a. Renal a. Gonadal a. Inferior mesenteric a. Common iliac a. Celiac trunk: 1- Common hepatic artery 2- Splenic artery 3- Left gastric artery Internal iliac a.

The Celiac Trunk Has Three Branches Common hepatic artery Left gastric artery Splenic artery Model: Denoyer Geppert, www.denoyer.com

Arteries of the Lower Limb External iliac Femoral artery Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Posterior view Anterior view

Veins of the Lower Limb Posterior view External iliac vein Femoral vein Great saphenous Popliteal vein Anterior tibial vein Posterior tibial vein Lesser saphenous Posterior view

The Hepatic Portal System The hepatic portal system all the blood draining from the abdominal digestive tract, as well as from the pancreas, gallbladder and spleen Hepatic veins Gastric vv. The hepatic portal system gives the liver first claim to the nutrients before the blood is distributed to the rest of the body Hepatic portal v. Splenic v. Superior mesenteric v. Inferior mesenteric v. It also allows the blood to be cleansed of bacteria and toxins picked up from the intestine The Hepatic Portal System

Principal Arteries L. common carotid a. R. common carotid a. R. subclavian a. L. subclavian a. Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch Ascending aorta Pulmonary trunk L. axillary a. L. brachial a.

Principal Arteries R. brachial a. Abdominal aorta a. R. common iliac a. R. internal iliac a. R. external iliac a. R. radial a. R. ulnar a. L. femoral a.

Principal Arteries L. femoral a. L. posterior tibial a. R. anterior tibial a.

Principal Veins L. internal jugular v. R. internal jugular v. R. subclavian v. L. subclavian v. L. brachiocephalic v. R. cephalic v. Inferior vena cava R. brachial v. (cut) R. basilic v.

Principal Veins R. brachial v. (cut) R. cephalic v. R. basilic v. R. Median cubital v. Inferior vena cava L. common iliac v. R. Ulnar v. L. internal iliac v. R. Radial v. L. external iliac v.

Principal Veins L. femoral v. L. great saphenous v.