Reminders Unit 8 Exam- Tuesday, March, 21st Last day to turn in ANY Unit 7 Work- Tuesday, March, 21st Assignments completed for Unit 8: Reminders

Unit 8: Mendelian Genetics 8.1 Genetics and Heredity

Think about your family- your brothers and sisters, mom and dad Think about your family- your brothers and sisters, mom and dad. In what ways are you similar? In what ways are you different? Who did you get your traits from?

The Father of Modern Genetics Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Ethnic German Austrian Monk As a child, lived on a farm working as a gardener and beekeeper Worked at an abbey as a physics teacher

Mendel and his Subjects Garden peas Reproduce sexually Self-pollinate Could control cross- pollination Careful research One trait at a time Analyzed data mathematically Used true breed plants Mendel and his Subjects

Heredity: Delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring Genetics: The scientific study of heredity Trait: Specific characteristic of an individual Important Terms

Hybrids: Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits P = “parent” generation F = “filial” generation, offspring (son or daughter) F2= 2nd “filial generation”

Genes: Characteristics determined by factors that are passed from generation to generation. Alleles: Different forms/versions of a gene MORE Important Terms

Laws and Principles of Heredity Principle of dominance Law of segregation Law of independent assortment Laws and Principles of Heredity

Principle of Dominance Some alleles are dominant, others are recessive. Dominant: expressed trait Allele represented with a capital letter. Recessive: only expressed if no dominant trait is present Allele represented with a lowercase letter. Principle of Dominance

Principle of Dominance Homozygous: Two identical alleles Example: TT (homozygous tall) or tt (homozygous short) Heterozygous: Two different alleles Example: Tt (heterozygous tall) Principle of Dominance

Principle of Dominance Genotype: Genetic makeup- inherited Example: TT, Tt, tt Phenotype: Physical traits- determined by genotype and environment Example: Tt and TT = Tall phenotype Principle of Dominance

Two alleles for a trait separate when gametes form Law of Segregation

Law of Independent Assortment Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation Results in greater genetic variation since traits are passed on separately. Law of Independent Assortment

A cross between two organisms, one which has a recessive phenotype, to learn the genotype of the other. Test Cross