Focus Lesson Take it to the next level Can you answer a test question to demonstrate you knowledge? SRE a multiple choice question to challenge yourself and test your mastery This is your review, not mine. Make it count. Use your brain first, then your notes.

What are we learning? Last Class Today Reviewed Home Learning Vocabulary Practice (NEW NOTEBOOK PAGE 5) Punnett Square Practice (NEW NOTEBOOK PAGE 4) Traits Lab (NEW NOTEBOOK PG 6) Will be returned next week when we set up notebooks Notes: Advanced Genetics Complete lab pg 188 in textbook on page 16 in notebook White board practice Independent practice/ home learning

What makes these notes ADVANCED GENETICS? Mendel came up with a very basic theory of heredity, but he couldn’t explain variations of the dominant and recessive traits. For example, sometimes when you cross red and white flowers you end up with a pink flower (a blended trait).

Objective #1 Explain the inheritance patterns such as co dominant, sex-linked, polygenic, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles. If you know what success is, you can attain it.

The heterozygote has a phenotype that is somewhere in between the phenotype of both homozygotes. Define those terms below WITHOUT USING THE TEXT. Heterozygote: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Homozygotes: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Incomplete Dominance

Heterozygous alleles are BOTH expressed (ex Heterozygous alleles are BOTH expressed (ex. Red flowers with White spots). Neither allele is dominant or recessive Codominance

Multiple Alleles More than two alleles exist for a single trait Example: Blood Type- A, B, O (there are three alleles IA IB and i) Multiple Alleles

Multiple Alleles practice Blood type is controlled by 3 alleles: A, B, O. A & B are codominant, O is recessive. a) What are the two genotypes possible for a person who as A blood? b) What genotype does a person with AB blood have? c ) What genotype does a person with O blood have? d) What are the two genotypes possible for a person who has B blood?

Define the following using Poly- ________________________________ Gene- ________________________________ Controlled by two or more genes- Gives us a TON of variation. EXAMPLE: SKIN COLOR, EYE COLOR Polygenic Traits

If a gene is found on the sex chromosomes it is considered a sex linked trait. It can either be carried on the X or the Y If a trait is carried on the Y, can a woman ever have it? If a trait is recessive on the X chromosome, what is the only genotype that will express that trait in a woman? Sex Linked Traits

PRACTICE: X Y   What is the probability that this couple has a boy? X

How do you trace traits/ map them back through the bloodline? Objective #2 How do you trace traits/ map them back through the bloodline? If you know what success is, you can attain it.

Pedigrees Scientists can draw a family tree to trace your family history of genetic traits. The diagram they construct is called a pedigree. Interpret the pedigree on this slide. What shape is used to represent males? Which shape is used to represent females? What do we call the first generation? (THINK OF MENDEL) Do you think this trait is recessive or dominant?

Crosses two traits simultaneously (like height AND color) Crosses two traits simultaneously (like height AND color). In order to predict the possible offspring of this cross a more complex Punnett, using 16 squares! That means 16 possible offspring genotypes Dihybrid Cross This isn’t middle school…  

How do we set up a dihybrid cross? Foiling- Like in your math class!

Dihybrid cross- Can you interpret this? The parents’ genotypes are RrYy Can you foil these parents’ genotypes To determine their possible gametes?

Dihybrid Practice Page 8 (IN NEW NOTEBOOK) We are going to reflect on what we just learned about DIHYBRID CROSSES. In groups we will complete the lab on page 188 in the textbook. YOU ARE SMART AND TALENTED! I KNOW IT! DO YOU?????

Independent practice You will now get the opportunity to demonstrate all that you have learned. Volume level 0 Use your brain first, notes second, and raise your hand for help third Anything not completed in class will become home learning Extra credit opportunity on the next slide!!!

Extra Credit: Page 219 Investigation Incomplete dominance It will help you get a little boost early on in the third 9 weeks!