AP US History Exam Review

Period 2: 1565-1754

European Settlement

Key Concept #1: Differences in imperial goals, cultures, and the North American environments that different empires confronted led Europeans to develop diverse patterns of colonization Key Concept #2: European colonization efforts in North America stimulated intercultural contact and intensified conflict between the various groups of colonizers and native peoples Key Concept #3: The increasing political, economic, and cultural exchanges within the "Atlantic World" had a profound impact on the development of colonial societies in North America

Spain Initially looking for precious metals (goals) Only when other European countries colonized did Spain set-up permanent colonies in North America Catholic missionaries (goals) Used a mixture of intermarriage and subjugation to dominate the natives Empire stretched from St. Augustine, FL to South America and west to California (warmer climates) Decline came by way of pressures from other European empires, and native revolts (military strain Forced to accommodate natives and intermarry

Spanish Empire in the Americas

Dutch Sought to take advantage of the lucrative fur trade Did not receive government support Few Dutch emigrated Suffered attacks by the Natives

French Settled in the Quebec Canada (cold climate) Sparsely settled Formed alliances with Natives Laid claim to the Mississippi Valley (Louisiana). New Orleans was an important military and economic post By the 1720's French settled as far west as New Mexico and South Dakota Forced English settles to stay along the East Coast

France in America

France's Downfall France lost the War of Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War). Had to give up Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and Nova Scotia to Britain British outnumbered French settlers 3:1 France lost French and Indian War. Britain controlled most of the land east of the Mississippi River and Canada

British Roanoke Island doomed in 1585 Many emigrated for religious reasons and economic gain Other goals: Northwest Passage to Asia Raw Materials Benefits of investors who bought into joint-stock companies Mercantilism Favorable balance of trade between colonies and Motherland

Jamestown

Plymouth

MA Bay Company

Other New England Colonies CT, RI, NH, and ME Other New England Colonies

NY, PA, NJ, DE Middle Colonies

Southern and Chesapeake Bay Colonies

British-Colonial Relationship From 1650 to the end of the French-Indian war in 1763, the Americas were largely left alone British mercantilism not challenged by the colonists Competition from the Americas was insignificant and there were very few crisis in Great Britain

Pre-1760 policies The Navigation Laws (1651, 1660, 1663, 1670, and 1673) The Wool (1699), Hat (1732), and the Iron (1750) Acts Molasses Act (1733)

Themes

Identity: Explain how conceptions of group identity and autonomy emerged out of cultural interactions between colonizing groups, Africans, and the American Indians in the colonial era Understand how gender, ethnic, religious, regional, and other group identities changed

Peopling: Explain how and why people moved to and within the Americas

Politics and Power: Analyze the factors behind competition, cooperation, and conflict among different societies and social groups in North America during the colonial period

Environment: Explain how the natural environment contributed to the development of distinct regional group identities, institutions, and conflicts in the pre-contact period through the independence period

Weather Theory Theory states that living in a colder, harsher climate requires one to be more technologically inventive to survive, whereas living in a tropical region requires less thinking. The theory states that the cold European weather made the Europeans smarter because they had to create ways to cur ice the weather

Moral, philosophical, and cultural values Ideas, Beliefs, and Culture: Compare the cultural values and attitudes of different European, African American, and Native American peoples in the colonial period and explain how contact affected inter group relationships and conflicts Moral, philosophical, and cultural values

Any Questions?