Bellwork Who, What, Where, When, Why! Proclamation of 1763.

The Road to the American Revolution

The Road to Revolution (1763-1776) The end of the French & Indian War (1763), marked the start of the road towards the American Revolution: 1763: Beginning of parliamentary sovereignty & Proclamation Line 1765-67: Stamp & Townshend Acts 1773-75: Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Lexington & Concord 1776: Declaration of Independence

Mob reaction to the Stamp Act The “Sons of Liberty” & “Daughters of Liberty” were formed to protest British restrictions & became the leaders of colonial resistance Mob reaction to the Stamp Act For the 1st time, many colonists refer to fellow boycotters as “patriots” The colonial boycotts were effective & Britain repealed the Stamp Act

This was a series of “indirect” taxes on lead, glass, paper, tea, etc.

More Boycotts

Colonists created committees of correspondence to communicate with each other Thomas Jefferson, Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and Francis Lightfoot Lee meeting at Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1773 to establish the Committee of Correspondence

Paul Revere’s etching of the Boston Massacre became an American best-seller Colonists injured British soldiers by throwing snowballs & oyster shells With only 4 dead, this was hardly a “massacre” but it reveals the power of colonial propaganda 11

First Continental Congress “We have to help Boston”

Negotiating a Settlement of British-Colonial differences

Lexington & Concord

Path to the American Revolution Application Activity From your charts, rank order the top 3 events that contributed the most to the growing divide between Britain & her colonies What changed the most over this 13-year period (1763-1776)? What could the English gov’t have done to prevent this? What could the colonists have done?

Quiz on Monday! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eytc9ZaNWyc&index=6&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s

Bellwork How did the relationship between the Colonists and Great Britain change between 1763 and 1776? What events led to this shift?

Quiz!

The Second Continental Congress May 10, 1775 Met to address the issue of defense All 13 Colonies represented (except Georgia) Decide to bring together the militias in the Boston area to create the Continental Army George Washington appointed as the head of the Continental Army Goal was STILL to reconcile with England!

The Enlightenment Colonists used the ideas of the Enlightenment to justify their protest John Locke wrote that people have natural rights (life, liberty, & property) & should oppose tyranny Rousseau believed that citizens have a social contract with their gov’t Montesquieu argued that power should not be in the hands of a king, but separated among gov’t branches

Conclusions By December 1775, the British and American colonists were fighting an “informal revolutionary war”…but: Colonial leaders had not yet declared independence In 1776, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense convinced many neutral colonists to support independence from Britain

Examining Excerpts from Thomas Paine’s Common Sense In teams, read the assigned excerpt from Common Sense Translate your section into modern language Write the summarized main idea in your chart

By 1776, American colonists were divided into 3 groups Loyalists wanted to remain British colonies Neutrals were undecided about which side to choose Patriots supported separation from Britain (independence)

By July 1776, how had colonial attitudes towards Great Britain changed?

Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was the principal author By July 1776, enough Americans were “patriots” that members of the Second Continental Congress formed a 5-man committee to draft a Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was the principal author All men are born with “natural rights” of life, liberty, & property Citizens can break their social contract with their gov’t when their gov’t becomes tyrannical It was based on the “enlightened” ideas of John Locke & explained why the colonists were rebelling

Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) Committee to draft the Declaration: Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, & Roger Sherman

Decoding the Declaration of Independence We should explain why we are declaring independence All people have natural rights Government power comes from the people If a gov’t cannot protect people, then the people should create a new gov’t that can King George III has abused his power These are the reasons we believe that the king has abused his powers We have explained to the king why we are unhappy but he has ignored us and hurt us Because of the king’s abusive actions, we are declaring our independence as a new nation

Declaration Analysis

Bellwork What reasons did the colonists give in the Declaration of Independence for breaking apart from Britain? Do you think the colonists were justified? (Were these reasons good enough reasons to break away?)

Review Unit 1a Test The New England colonies were more successful and stable than the Chesapeake Bay colonies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT? New England colonists tended to arrive in family units while the vast majority of Chesapeake Bay colonists were young single males who arrived as indentured servants. The Chesapeake bay region had a much higher death rate among its colonists than did the New England region. The ratio of males to females in Chesapeake Bay was much more imbalanced than in New England, making it more difficult for males in Chesapeake Bay to find wives and start families. New England had a readily available cash crop making them immediately successful.

Why were the Pilgrims also known as Separatists? They wanted to divide Plymouth from the Massachusetts Bay Colony They believed in having different leaders for church and government They broke all connections with the Church of England They tried to keep the Native Americans away from white settlers

The Columbian Exchange resulted from European exploration and settlement in the Americas.   Which of the following  was an important consequence of the Columbian Exchange? It harmed European coastal areas by introducing infectious diseases. It changed the diets of Europeans by introducing new foods. It introduced new fabrics to Europe. It increased European farm output through new agricultural practices.

Why were indentured servants important to the development of the South? They had special artistic skills that only they could perform in the area They provided cheap labor in large numbers for tobacco planters They had experience and knowledge in the growth of tobacco They knew a lot about the Chesapeake region and its environment

What made the Virginia House of Burgesses and the New England Town meetings similar? They both were begun in a New England colony They had no members who were born in the colonies They both helped to establish official religions in their colonies They both provided ways for colonists to participate in their local government

Chronology ______________________________________________ order description follow-up Columbus sails from Europe What country did he sail for ?____________________ ______________________________________________ Conquistadors arrive and begin exploring North America. Name one of these Explorers __________________ Jamestown  Colony is established. For religion or profit?   _____________________ Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion.. Against whom?________________________________ Mayflower Compact is established. Which group of people established this?

Short Answer After the British colonies had been established, English citizens began to settle in them.  Explain 3 reasons why a European might choose to move to the colonies.

Choose one of the three regions (New England, Middle, South) and explain the reason for colonization and how this influenced the structure of their societies.

In what ways did religion impact the settlement and development of the English colonies in America? Discuss how the religion of a colony impacted the settlement, government, and tolerance levels of two different British colonies in America. Be specific, and provide historical evidence to support your claim.

How did rebellion in Colonial America influence the development of American government? Explain how one of the following rebellions and conflicts influenced the development of American society: Stono Rebellion, Bacon’s Rebellion, Salem Witch Trials.

The Declaration of Independence & Influences from the Enlightenment Dec of Ind video from America: Story of Us (4.00) via youtube.com Too Late to Apologize Video (3.22)

Quad #1 Chronological Thinking Create an illustrated timeline detailing 10 events (starting with the French and Indian War, ending with the Declaration of Independence) leading to the colonists’ decision to separate from Mother England. Provide a brief description and an image for each event. Honors: Was a war for independence inevitable? (paragraph response)

Flex Time Test make up Missing work Vocabulary sheet Continue working on Quad

Bellwork What do you think was the single most significant event that caused the American Revolution? Justify your answer.

Turn It In! Quad #1

Review

By 1750, the American colonists were loyal British citizens with autonomous, self-governing colonial assemblies and a thriving trade connection with England Second Continental Congress (1775) Proclamation of 1763 Lexington and Concord (1775) The policy of salutary neglect ended as Britain imposed greater political authority over the colonies, raised new taxes to pay off war debts, and refused to allow colonists representation in Parliament First Continental Congress (1774) Sons of Liberty formed Intolerable Acts (1774) Townshend Acts (1767) Paine’s Common Sense (1776) Boston Tea Party (1773) Turning Point! England defeated France in the French and Indian War (1754-1763) Stamp Act (1765) Boston Massacre (1770) Declaration of Independence (1776) Revolutionary War (1775-1783)               1750   1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 1785

Comparing Strengths of Armies

Who will win?

Battle Research Lexington and Concord Bunker Hill Trenton Princeton Saratoga Yorktown

Battle Presentations Please share your presentation with me: You will create a presentation for a significant battle or event in the Revolutionary War. You must include key information surrounding the event, such as the location, year/time of year, significant people involved, logistics, and the significance of the event in the Revolutionary War (information from your research). All group members are expected to aid in the creation and presentation of this assignment. Please share your presentation with me: ajturner@wcpss.net

Bellwork

The American Revolution Please take notes on your own sheet of paper during presentations. These notes will be graded as part of your next binder check.

Differing Military Strategies The Americans General Washington The British General Gage Divide & Conquer Use Loyalists, seize property, encourage slave revolts Split the Northern & Southern colonies Blockade ports to prevent trade Outlast the British Defend colonial lands & drag out the war Guerilla tactics Make an alliance with France As long as Britain did not defeat the Continental Army, England could not win

Lexington and Concord

Bunker Hill

British Seizure & Burning of New York, 1776 Early losses make it seem as if victory for the colonists is impossible

Trenton

Princeton

Saratoga

During the winter of 1777-78, Continental Army troops nearly starved at Valley Forge, PA but Washington & Lafayette inspired & trained the troops to continue the fight http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/declaration-of-independence#george-washington Washington: the story of us video (2.19)

Near Starvation at Valley Forge, PA in 1778

Yorktown

Cornwallis’ surrender was the “day the world turned upside down” The Battle of Yorktown General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington in 1781, ending the American Revolution Why the Americans won the Revolutionary War: America Story of Us video (3.20) Cornwallis’ surrender was the “day the world turned upside down”

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 ended the American Revolution The treaty gave America: Full independence All territory east of Mississippi River, between Canada & Florida The removal of the British army from U.S. claims in America

North America 1754 North America 1763 North America 1783

Revolution Comic Book