Potential HTS Magnet Projects for MagLab Involvement Mark D. Bird, et al. Director of Magnet Science & Technology Division, NHMFL SC Demo Coils do not require quench protection, reliable technology. SC User Magnets do!

Outline Project Proposal Submitted Discussions Start 2010 2011? 2012? Discussions Start 2010 2011? ~2010 ? Hypersonic Windtunnel (Army) ZeEMANS (SNS) 30 T (1.28 GHz) NMR MIT Nat. Inst. Mat. Science, Japan Commercial Sources MagLab Other High-Field YBCO Solenoids 55 – 60 DC

Army Hypersonic Windtunnel Goal: Demonstrate high-field, high-gradient magnet technology suitable for a hypersonic windtunnel (>Mach 8). Partners: MSE Tech Applications, Inc, Butte Montana: Prime contractor NHMFL: YBCO Conductor and Coil Technology Development Sandia National Lab: 1MW electron beam Princeton University: computational fluid mechanics Lawrence Livermore National Lab: ultra-high pressure vessels Oak Ridge National lab: materials development Funding: – proposal submitted May 2010 – $10M over 5 yrs for YBCO magnet technology High Pressure Gas Long runs (>1 sec) Clean Air Long Nozzle Life Solenoidal Magnets Electron Beam “Heater”

ZEEMANS (SNS) ZEEMANS SNS YBCO Insert: Coupled H2 moderator ideal for Zeemans Instrument planned for at last remaining beamline on that moderator: 14A at SNS Fringe field at adjacent beamline constrains sample position to 70 m from the moderator. YBCO Insert: 3-4 times the mass of the YBCO coils for 32 T magnet. Plan to use same technology. More advanced technology might be required. 7-yr project starting 2011 or later Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Oak Ridge, TN 25 - 30T 0 MW, YBCO $20M Magnet Proposal to NSF July 2009 $40M Beamline Proposal to DOE Feb 2010 SNS

30 T NMR: Iwasa @ Francis Bitter Lab, MIT Funding: 3-Phase program from NIH Schedule: Year Phase Goal LTS MHz HTS MHz Material 2000 25 T (1.07 GHz) NMR 2000 - 2002 I 350 MHz (8.2 T) 300 50 Bi-2223 2002 – 2007 II 700 MHz (16.4 T 600 100 2007 25 T 30 T NMR 2008 – 2012 IIIa 1100 MHz (25.8 T) 500 Bi-2223 & YBCO 2012 - ? IIIb 1300 MHz (30.5 T) 700* Same coils NMR Quality: Resistive joints. Shielding currents high. Stability low. Homogeneity low. Do Phases I-IIIa test high-strain operation of coils, joints, etc? *LTS Outsert = 16.4 T, 236 mm, 4.2 K

30 T NMR: Iwasa Status for 1.1 GHz 500 MHz LTS outsert exists @ FBNML Outer HTS coil = Bi2223 Tape delivered Most of double-pancakes wound Stainless Steel co-wound reinforcing strip, no insulation Tests of double-pancakes w/o insulation show higher Ic than w/ insulation Inner HTS coil = YBCO Tape delivered ~5 double-pancakes wound Cu co-wound stabilizer w/ ceramic insulation Concern about winding and performance of YBCO coils

Nat. Inst. for Materials Science, Tsukuba, JA Presently 950 MHz available 2009 demonstrated 500 MHz LTS/Bi-2223 driven system with similar spectrum as 500 MHz persistent LTS magnet. 1.03 GHz (24.2 T) project underway (Bi-2223) Coil constructed w/ 5 grades of Bi-2223. Will replace innermost Nb3Sn coil of existing 920 MHz. Bi, Nb3Sn, NbTi coils all in series. New magnet to provide 1.03 GHz in 2010 fiscal yr. 1.3 GHz (30.5 T) project (YBCO) 2010 Applied Superconductivity Conf De-lamination of YBCO impregnated coils, Screening currents (3) No schedule presented 2009 Magnet Technology Conf. Design of 1.3 GHz magnet YBCO screening currents (2) 2008 Applied SC Conf 30 T YBCO magnet Persistent 500 MHz Bi-2223 500 MHz Kiyoshi, et al., IEEE Trans on Appl. Supercond. 20, 3, pp 714 - 717

~30 T NMR: Commercial Bruker Agilent (Varian, Magnex) Japan, Inc. Is it profitable? What level of homogeneity & stability required? Which conductor? What other technologies required? Can we copy the national Labs? Bruker 1 GHz (23.5 T, 54 mm, $16.3M) delivered w/ Nb3Sn Building YBCO tape manufacturing line, complete 2011? 1.2 GHz (28.1 T) NMR: 2 Orders placed by Helmholtz Foundation? >5 yrs for first system? Partner: Karlsruhe Inst. of Techn./Institute for Technical Physics Funded by the German government Exclusive licenses to and access by Bruker. Agilent (Varian, Magnex) No public plans for ~30 T NMR Paul Noonan (Principal Engineer Magnet Tech) recruited from Oxford Instruments Expressed interest in partnering w/ MagLab Funding? Japan, Inc. NIMS Partnering w/, Kobe Steel, Japan Superconductor Tech, Jeol Ltd for 1.03 GHz

30 T NMR: MagLab YBCO appears to be best conductor for 30 T NMR All work for 32 T will directly benefit 30 T NMR What level of uniformity & stability is required? How do we attain them? Visiting scientist recently hired to focus on 30 T NMR. Should we buy 20 T, 78 mm cold bore magnet from Oxford Instruments? (Previously used by OI to test Bi-2212 coils.) Should we partner w/ commercial suppliers?

Other Potential High-Field YBCO Solenoids Muon Collider 40 - 50 T dc magnet for muon cooling Collider to be located @ Fermi Particle Beams Ltd & Brookhaven National Lab developing 2 nested YBCO coils, ~10 T each. MagLab will be involved in testing BNL coils, possibly involved in design & construction. Plan to use co-wound steel tape re-inforcement, no insulation. These are demonstration coils to be tested in 20 T background field. Not intended to be reliable user facility. Muons Inc, FermiLab, CERN & others 15 SBIR’s to date 25 T Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage BNL won award for high-field YBCO SMES Korean Basic Sciences Institute wants high-field magnets Taiwan wants High Field Lab

40% of the power is dissipated in the outermost resistive coil. COHMAG 60 T HYBRID: Another need for Materials Development 55T Hybrid Concept for NHMFL Cable-in-Conduit Florida-Bitter 56 MW dc power ~2 m Existing 45T Hybrid @ NHMFL 30 MW Power Dissipation Seitz-Richardson estimate of $20M, $15M Actual Florida-Bitter Cable-in-Conduit This slide shows objectives for distant future, unchanged since 2006. 40% of the power is dissipated in the outermost resistive coil. 25 T, 400 mm radius, ~50 A/mm2. NHMFL Materials Development to include HTS Cables for 60T Hybrid Can a 60 T superconducting magnet be built?

Thank You! Supported by: ~2m 200 mm 45T Hybrid 1999 900-MHz Ultra-Wide Bore 2004 ~2m 60T Long Pulse 1998 Florida-Bitter Magnets 1995 150T+, ~3 s, 2005 Thank You! 25 T HTS 2003 200 mm 75T, ~10ms, 2004 Supported by:

Other Scattering Magnets Advanced Photon Source, ANL, Chicago Institute Laue Langevin & European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France National Superconducting Light Source II, BNL, NY Etc. Numerous labs want >17 T magnets suitable for x-ray or neutron scattering. How productive is 25 T hybrid for Berlin? Can magnets > 25 T be all-superconducting?

Conventionally Heated Wind Tunnel Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Concepts Conventionally Heated Wind Tunnel Short runs (msec) Flow contamination& dissociation Short Nozzle Life Heated Gas Nozzle Test Section Mariah Concept E-Beam Supersonic Thermal Energy Addition Electron Beam “Heater” Solenoidal Magnets High Pressure Gas Long runs (>1 sec) Clean Air Long Nozzle Life Test Section Aerodynamic Window

TODAY: Robust Worldwide Effort in High Bc Magnets: Brief scan of program for 21st International Conference on Magnet Technology, Oct 2009, Hefei, China Andong Nat. Univ., Korea BPSU Bruker Scientific, Germany CEP, Japan CERN, Switzerland CMSE, China Cryogenic Ltd, England CTSVFS DIT-MKT, Japan DOE-HEP, USA DMSE ENEA, Italy FBML, USA FK, Germany GSE, Japan HFLSM, Japan Ibaraki University, Japan IEE-CAS, China ISTEC-SRL, Japan ITER ORG, France KAIST, Japan KBSI, Korea KERI, Korea Kyoto Univ., Japan NCPU, China NHMFL, USA NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan Oxford Instruments, England RIAS-SKT, Japan SEEE SEI, Japan SJTU, China Sophia Univ., Japan SRL, Japan SSBC, Japan SuperPower, USA Univ. of Tokyo, Japan YNU, Japan

High Bc Magnets 1986 - 2006 1986: discovery of High Tc (High Bc) materials 1992 – 1997: Numerous labs worldwide develop 1 T ∆B coils. 1999: MagLab 2nd to complete 3 T ∆B coil. 2003: MagLab 1st to complete 5 T ∆B coil (25 T total). 2005: COHMAG urges development of 30 T (1.28 GHz) NMR magnet (pg. 75). Scattering magnets for neutrons & x-rays (pp. 70-74) 60 T DC (pg. 75). 2006: YBCO 2G tape from Superpower High Bc Materials >30 T YBCO Tape MagLab, MIT, NIMS Bi-2212 Round? Oxford Instr. ~25 T Bi-2223 NIMS, Japan MIT <24 T Nb3Sn Bruker 1 GHz <12 T NbTi → → →

High Bc Publications 1992 - 2010 # of Papers Presented at International Magnet Technology Conference 1 T ΔB 3 T ΔB 5 T ΔB 2G YBCO tape 7 T ΔB # of Papers Year Presently ~40 organizations worldwide working on High Bc magnets!

HTS insert coil trends f 39 mm OD Bi-2212 f 38 mm OD H. Weijers, et al. 1CO-01 f 163 mm OD year BA+BHTS=Btotal [T] Jave [A/mm2] Stress [MPa] JexBAxRmax 2003 2008 BSCCO 20+5=25 T(tape) 20+2=22 T(wire) 31+1=31 T (wire) 89 92 80 175 109 2007 YBCO- SP I 19+7.8=26.8 T 259 379 YBCO-NHMFL I 31+2.8=33.8 T 439 324 2009 YBCO –SP II 20+7.2=27.2 211 314 YBCO-NHMFL II 20+0.1= 20.1 241 ~611 f 39 mm OD Bi-2212 f 38 mm OD YBCO SP I 2007 f 87 mm OD 18

High Bc Coils High Bc Materials → → → ~25 T Bi-2223 NIMS, Japan MIT SC User Magnets require quench protection, reliable technology, demonstration coils do not. High Bc Materials ~25 T Bi-2223 NIMS, Japan MIT Bi-2212 Round Oxford Instr. <24 T Nb3Sn Bruker 1 GHz <12 T NbTi → → >30 T YBCO Tape MagLab, MIT, NIMS, Bruker →

32 T Magnet Project Key Personnel Goal: Funding: Staffing: 32 T, 32 mm bore, 500 ppm over 10 mm DSV, 1 hour to full field, dilution refrigerator w/ <20 mK for installation in TLH. Funding: $2M grant from NSF for LTS coils, cryostat, YBCO tape & other components of magnet system Core grant for development of necessary technology. Source of funds for dil fridge not known. Staffing: >10.3 FTE’s to date in 2010 Key Personnel Denis Markeiwicz, NHMFL: PI, Magnet Development David Larbalestier, NHMFL: co-PI, SC Materials Stephen Julian, Univ of Toronto: co-PI, science YBCO Nb3Sn NbTi

YBCO coils built to date 32 T Approach Commercial Supply: 17 T, 250 mm bore Nb3Sn/NbTi “outsert” cryostat In-House development: 15 T, 32 mm bore YBCO coils YBCO tape quality (Larbalestier) Tape insulation technology (Weijers?) Coil winding technology (Weijers) Joint technology (Weijers) Schedule Outsert purchasing to start early 2011 Project complete mid-2013 ~20x mass increase YBCO coils for 32 T YBCO coils built to date

Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) ZEEMANS Magnet Cable-In-Conduit Conductor Outsert: Nb3Sn similar to NHMFL and Berlin + NbTi Shield Coil YBCO Insert: 3-4 times the mass of the YBCO coils for 32 T magnet. Plan to use same technology. More advanced technology might be required. Schedule Conceptual Engineering Design of hybrid magnet funded 2006 – 2009 2009 Changed insert from resistive to YBCO 2009 July: Magnet Construction proposal to NSF 2010 Feb: Beamline & Detector Construction proposal submitted to DOE 2018 Project complete Key Personnel Collin Broholm, Johns Hopkins: PI, Science Mark Bird, NHMFL: co-PI, magnet system Garrett Granroth, SNS: co-PI, beamline & instrumentation Budget: $20M request for magnet, little contingency 1.7 m Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Oak Ridge, TN 25 - 30T 0 MW Neutron Scattering Proposals Submitted to NSF & DOE

ZEEMANS Location ZEEMANS SNS Coupled H2 moderator ideal for Zeemans Instrument planned for at last remaining beamline on that moderator: 14A at SNS Fringe field at adjacent beamline constrains sample position to 70 m from the moderator. POWGEN FNPB HySPEC magnet Utilities water electricity 70m Proposal submitted July 2009 to NSF for construction of 25-30 T all-superconducting magnet. Proposal was submitted Feb 2010 to DOE for infrastructure, beamline & detectors. Funding decision expected 4Q’10 G.E. Granroth, et al., 19th meeting on Collaboration of Advanced Neutron Sources, Grindelwald, Switzerland, March 8-12 (2010) SNS

Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) ZEEMANS Magnet Cable-In-Conduit Conductor Outsert: Nb3Sn similar to NHMFL and Berlin + NbTi Shield Coil YBCO Insert: 3-4 times the mass of the YBCO coils for 32 T magnet. Plan to use same technology. More advanced technology might be required. Schedule Conceptual Engineering Design of hybrid magnet funded 2006 – 2009 2009 Changed insert from resistive to YBCO 2009 July: Magnet Construction proposal to NSF 2010 Feb: Beamline & Detector Construction proposal submitted to DOE 2018 Project complete Key Personnel Collin Broholm, Johns Hopkins: PI, Science Mark Bird, NHMFL: co-PI, magnet system Garrett Granroth, SNS: co-PI, beamline & instrumentation Budget: $20M request for magnet, little contingency 1.7 m Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Oak Ridge, TN 25 - 30T 0 MW Neutron Scattering Proposals Submitted to NSF & DOE