Transcription and Gene Regulation Joyce Lloyd jlloyd@vcu.edu

Molecular Model of DNA Fig. 8.9 Cummings, Human Heredity 2

RNA Is Single Stranded Transfers genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm Participates in protein synthesis It is a component of ribosomes Contains ribose sugar and A, U, G, and C Fig. 8.11 Cummings, Human Heredity 3

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Transcription Fig. 9.5 Cummings, Human Heredity 6

Fig. 9.9a-d Cummings, Human Heredity 7

Fig. 9.11e-j Cummings, Human Heredity 8

Levels of control of gene expression Chromatin modifications (Epigenetics) Initiation of transcription Alternative transcription (multiple promoters and splicing) mRNA stability Translation Post-translational processing Protein stability