What is IEEE 802.11 doing? A short summary of the current IEEE 802.11 activities and description of IEEE processes Presented by xxx xxx, “some event”, 2015-04-02 11/10/2018

Before We Share our Opinions…… 11/10/2018 15 March 2014 Before We Share our Opinions…… “At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation of the IEEE.” IEEE-SA Standards Board Operation Manual (subclause 5.9.3) 2

The IEEE Standards Association process 11/10/2018

IEEE-SA Individual and Corporate Standards Development Open, consensus process Individual standards development Each individual has one vote Corporate standards development One company/one vote Results frequently adopted by national, regional, and international standards bodies

IEEE Standards Development: Process Flow Decide / Choose Technology Write / update a Draft Ballot Draft Idea! Resolve Comments Done? Maximum of 4 years Project Approval Process Develop Draft Standard (in Working Group) IEEE-SA Standards Board Approval Process Sponsor Ballot Publish Standard This chart illustrates the whole standards process in simplified form. Idea: The idea for a standard is usually developed by a group of people, and the responsibility for the idea is assumed by the sponsor. The sponsor is usually a society or an existing standards committee. Project Approval Process: This idea is then transferred onto a form called the Project Authorization Request (PAR) and submitted to the New Standards Committee (NesCom) for approval. Develop draft standard: The draft is then developed and revised by the working group. Ballot draft: When the draft work is finalized, the sponsor forms the balloting group and ballots the standard. Standards Board Approval: After your ballot has achieved consensus, the draft then goes to the Review Committee (RevCom) and the Standards Board for approval. The amount of time from PAR to Board approval is 4 years (an extension can be made if absolutely necessary). Publish Standard: The draft is then edited and formatted by an IEEE Project Editor and published. The standard is valid for 10 years before it must be revised or withdrawn. Revise or Withdraw Standards Maximum of 10 years Jon Rosdahl, CSR Technologies Inc.

IEEE Standards Development: Project Authorization A project may be started by any individual or company Each project must be supported by a technical group in the IEEE Referred to as a “Sponsor” Official developer of standard Projects approved through document called Project Authorization Request (PAR) Summarizes details of project Approval of a PAR means that the work is authorized by the IEEE-SA Standards Board The PAR is the means by which IEEE can extend the umbrella of indemnification (or protection) to its standards developers Jon Rosdahl, CSR Technologies Inc.

IEEE Standards Development: Develop Draft Standard Standard is written by working group Working group consists of developers interested in creating the standard Working group chooses way to create first draft document Group writes initial draft Draft developed from existing documents and specifications Draft document refined in working group through multiple iterations and review Some tips for starting the development of your draft include the following: • Develop an outline that will be used as key clauses. • Divide up each topic or clause among working group members, preferably according to their experience. • It is to your advantage to assign a working group member as a technical editor. During the development process, the technical editor will ensure consistency and can gather and incorporate all contributions and comments. • The working group meetings should only be used for reviewing important points in the draft and resolving areas of disagreement. • Working with an IEEE Project Editor will expedite the project since the editor can flag items that could otherwise be slowed down by the IEEE-SA Standards Board during the approval process. • Use the IEEE Standards Style Manual as the reference for document structure. Jon Rosdahl, CSR Technologies Inc.

IEEE Standards Development: Consensus process Consensus is determined through a ballot Interested persons or organizations are invited to ballot on draft standards Ballot group receives document, reviews it, and votes/comments on it Vote yes (approve), no (disapprove), abstain Can offer comments on document as well Ultimate approval of standard is granted by IEEE-SA Standards Board • The sponsor forms the balloting group. In some cases, this may involve using the membership of an active committee or committees; in other cases, this may involve inviting a wide variety of interested parties to participate. • The sponsor also approves the balance of the group. No one interest group can be more than 33%. • Once the balloting group is formed, the composition of that balloting group cannot change until the close of the ballot. • The IEEE-SA now allows three types of ballot groups: one made up of individuals, one made up of Entities (persons who are representing an Entity), and one made up of both of these types of ballots. See the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual for details of these balloting processes. Jon Rosdahl, CSR Technologies Inc.

Publication & Maintenance Standard published after approval Standard is valid for 10 years after approval After 10 years, must be revised or withdrawn Once your standard has been approved, it will receive a thorough, detailed edit from an IEEE Standards editor. The editor does not make any technical changes, thereby ensuring the technical integrity of the document. It is also the role to the editor to format the text in accordance with IEEE Standards Style. A draft copy is then provided to the committee for final review. Appropriate editorial corrections are then made and the standard is published. Complimentary copies are then issued to the working group and awards are given to the Chair of the working group in recognition of the work done. Jon Rosdahl, CSR Technologies Inc.

Introduction to IEEE 802.11 11/10/2018

IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 is a working group, responsible for generating Wireless LAN standards 802.11 operates under The “Sponsor”: IEEE LMSC “LAN / MAN Standards Committee” – aka “802” IEEE Computer Society IEEE-SA Standards Board Work in 802.11 is divided into various activities Task groups – one per approved standard or amendment to be developed Study groups – the precursor to a task group that determines initial requirements and seeks approval Various standing committees’ responsible for ongoing work, such a publicity and regulatory 11/10/2018

IEEE 802.11 What’s the scope of IEEE 802.11? Wireless local area networks Typical range up to 100m Generally use unlicensed spectrum Exception for 802.11y: “lightly licensed” Exception for TV whitespace Deployments: Broadband network access, public venue access, sensor networks, mesh networks, automotive. Present in these devices: laptops, phones, tablets, network infrastructure, home appliances, consumer electronics, healthcare devices 11/10/2018

IEEE 802.11 Revisions May 2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0483r0 802.11 -2003 802.11 -2007 802.11 -2012 802.11 -2016 (TBC) 11aa Video Transport 11k RRM 11s Mesh MAC 11e QoS IEEE Std 802.11 -1999 11h DFS & TPC 11u WIEN 11v Network Management 11ae QoS Mgt Frames 11d Intl roaming 11i Security 11z TDLS 11w Management Frame Security 11f Inter AP 11r Fast Roam 11n High Throughput (>100 Mbps) 11a 54 Mbps 5GHz 11af TV Whitespace 11j JP bands 11ac -VHT >1 Gbps @ 5GHz 11b 11 Mbps 2.4GHz 11p WAVE 11y Contention Based Protocol 11g 54 Mbps 2.4GHz 11ad - VHT >1 Gbps @ 60GHz MAC & PHY Page 13 Bruce Kraemer (Marvell)

IEEE 802.11 Standards Pipeline May 2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0483r0 IEEE 802.11 Standards Pipeline 802.11AK GLK 802.11 -2016 802.11 -2012 MAC 802.11aa Video Transport 802.11AQ PAD 802.11ae QoS Mgt Frames 802.11ai FILS WNG NGP 802.11ax HEW 802.11 ah < 1Ghz 802.11af TVWS 802.11ac VHT 5GHz NG60 802.11aj CMMW 802.11ad VHT 60 GHz MAC & PHY Published Standard Discussion Topics Study groups Sponsor Ballot Published Amendment TG without Approved draft WG Letter Ballot March 2015 14 Page 14 Bruce Kraemer (Marvell)

PHY Project Sequence 802.3 802.11 100 Gbps 10 year yardstick 10 Gbps 100 Mbps 10 Mbps 802.11 1 Mbps 100 Kbps 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15

802.11 Architecture Overview Multiple Over the Air PHY options One common MAC a b g n ac ad af ah ax 802.11 MAC

Summary of Completed Major MAC Projects D – Country information W – Secure Management Frames E - QoS Z – Tunneled Direct Link F – Inter AP communication AA – Video Transport H – DFS,TPC Spectrum sharing with radars in 5GHz AC – Very High Throughput (<6GHz) J – Japan spectrum @ 4.9 GHz AD – Very High Throughput (60GHz) K – Radio Measurement AE – QoS for Management Frames P – Vehicular Environments R – Fast roaming S – MESH Networking U – Inter-Networking V – Network Management

Current Projects 11/10/2018

TGah 11/10/2018

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Purpose Define OFDM PHY and MAC operating in license- exempt bands below 1 GHz (excl. TV bands) Extended range Power efficiency Large number of devices Potential Applications Internet of everything (IoT) Smart Grid Healthcare Smart Appliances Wearable consumer electronics Monitor Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Progress Started November in 2010 doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Progress Started November in 2010 Working Group (WG) Letter Ballot (D1.0) in Sept 2013 WG Letter Ballot Recirculation (D4.0) in Jan 2015 Planned Sponsor Ballot in July 2015 Projected Ratification in March 2016 Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Minimum 11n/ac bandwidth doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Technical Highlights 11ah bandwidths PHY OFDM (FFT size 32 and 64) New reliable MCS-10 working with larger delay spread and Doppler for outdoor Diverse data rates:150Kbps-347Mbps Range >1 km MAC Scalability up to 8191 devices per AP Restrict Access Window operation Hierarchical TIM structure Efficient frames and transmissions Short frame format Short control/mgmt. frames Asymmetric & bi-directional transmissions Reducing power consumption Non-TIM operation Target Wake Time mechanism Extended sleeping and listen interval Relay Operation 1 Mandatory & Globally Interoperable modes optimized for sensor networking 150 Kbps – 4 Mbps 2 Optional higher data rate modes for extended range - 4 8 16 5.8-78 Mbps* Minimum 11n/ac bandwidth 20 MHz *For 1 spatial stream and normal guard interval only. 11ah supports up to 4 spatial streams and short guard interval providing data rates up to ~347 Mbps Stephen McCann, Blackberry

TGai 11/10/2018

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Purpose This amendment defines mechanisms that provide IEEE 802.11 networks with fast initial link set-up methods which do not degrade the security currently offered by Robust Security Network Association (RSNA) already defined in IEEE 802.11. The project’s primary need comes from an environment where mobile users are constantly entering and leaving the coverage area of an existing extended service set (ESS). (a) scale with a high number of users simultaneously entering an ESS (b) minimize the time spent within the initial link set-up phase (c) securely provide initial authentication. Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Progress Started in May 2010 doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Progress Started in May 2010 Improved Scanning, FILS Authentication and higher layer setup well established Preparing re-circulation WG letter ballot for Draft 4.0 Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Technical Highlights 11ai 11i STA AP AS DHCP AP STA DHCP AS Authentication Association EAPOL Key AS EAP (PEAP/MSCHAPv2) 11i Beacon/Probe Resp Auth Req/Resp Association & IP addr 11/10/2018

TGaj 11/10/2018

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Purpose This amendment defines modifications to the IEEE P802.11ad Physical (PHY) layer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to enable operation in the Chinese 59-64 GHz frequency band. The amendment shall maintain backward compatibility with 802.11ad when it operates in the 59-64 GHz frequency band. The amendment also defines modifications to the PHY and MAC layers to enable the operation in the Chinese 45 GHz frequency band. The amendment maintains the 802.11 user experience. Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Progress Started as a study group in January 2012 doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Progress Started as a study group in January 2012 Working towards initial letter of Draft 1.0 Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Technical Highlights Link Budget Analysis for 40-50 GHz Indoor Usage 11aj is currently considering the following aspects: Link Budget Analysis for 40-50 GHz Indoor Usage Multi-Carrier Training Field for OFDM Transmission in the 45GHz Packet Encoding Solution for 45GHz 11/10/2018

TGak 11/10/2018

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Purpose This amendment enables an 802.11 connection to be used as a through link in a general network, not just as a connection to an end station at the edge of a network. Fully general mixed 802.11 and wired plug and play in the home. Data Center top-of-rack to top-of-rack connections for overflow traffic. Industrial and Enterprise network use. Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Progress General Link study group started in September 2012 doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Progress General Link study group started in September 2012 Proprietary implementations of General Link well established Preparing draft for initial letter ballot Target March 2015 Stephen McCann, Blackberry

TGaq 11/10/2018

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Purpose This amendment enables delivery of pre- association Service Discovery information by IEEE 802.11 stations (STAs). Printer discovery in a hotel Pre-association protocol designed to discover services on a WLAN Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Progress Started November 2012 doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Progress Started November 2012 Service Discovery concept appeared in Fall 2012 Device discovery well established Preparing draft for initial letter ballot Target November 2014 Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Technical Highlights doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Container MAC protocol to carry upper layer service discovery protocols (e.g. UPnP, Bonjour) Provisioning and configuration of services in the access point Service Transaction Proxy is a logical element connected to the access point Universal identification of services Using a hash name Provide service attributes (e.g. 3D printer capability or point of sale service) Currently considering request/response or broadcast concept Stephen McCann, Blackberry

TGax 11/10/2018

Purpose Improve performance of WLAN deployments in dense scenarios doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Purpose Improve performance of WLAN deployments in dense scenarios Targeting at least 4x improvement in the per-STA throughput compared to 802.11n and 802.11ac. Improved efficiency through spatial reuse and enhanced power save techniques. Dense scenarios are characterized by large number of access points and large number of associated STAs deployed in geographical limited region, e.g. a stadium or an airport. Access to Internet, latest airlines’ announcements, and digital media such as movies and sport events Stephen McCann, Blackberry

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Progress The TG has started the development of the Specification Framework document A High level requirement document guiding the development of the 802.11ax detailed specification Letter Ballot is planned for 1H 2016 Stephen McCann, Blackberry

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Technical Highlights 20 MHz PHY Header Time Freq Space STA#10 STA#35 STA#54 STA#26 Sub- Band OFDMA STA #3 STA #8 STA #19 SS 1,2 SS 3,4,5 SS 6 MU-MIMO Support multi-user (MU) transmissions both in the frequency and in the spatial domains Extend IEEE 802.11ac DL MU- MIMO to UL direction Introduce OFDMA PHY layer and the associated scheduling to ensure per STA throughput. MAC enhancements to support newly introduced mechanisms Compatible with legacy devices. Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Study Groups 11/10/2018

Next Generation 60 GHz Current generation 60 GHz (802.11ad) achieves 7Gbps Next Generation 60 GHz increases throughput, range and reliability Technical approaches are likely to include channel bonding and MIMO 11/10/2018

Next Generation Positioning IEEE Std 802.11-2007 includes support for timing measurement. When published, IEEE Std 802.11-2016/2017 will include “fine timing measurement” that allows location to determined to ~3m using 802.11n/802.11ac. The Next Generation Positioning study group will improve location accuracy and scalability and will consider new usages such as directionality and ranging 11/10/2018

ARC SC 11/10/2018

doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Purpose As a Standing Committee (SC), the ARChitecture SC meets on an ongoing basis, to discuss various topics of an 802.11 architectural nature. Some examples: Architectural clauses and models in the standard, as questions, or needs for update or clarification arise. Relationships with outside groups on 802.11 architectural topics, or topics that don’t fit elsewhere, such as IETF, 802 O&A, and 802.1. Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Technical Highlights doc.: IEEE 802.11-13/1313r3 November 2013 Models for STA architecture and related concepts, and overall system architecture, included in the Standard in clauses 4 and 5, generally. Evolution of the models, either to consider amendments to the Standard, or as clarification is needed Define how 802.11 technologies fit into 802, 802.1 and IETF use cases. Stephen McCann, Blackberry

Regulatory SC 11/10/2018

Purpose Wireless standards all depend on the availability of RF spectrum for their deployment Spectrum allocations and rules vary worldwide The massive growth of wireless applications is forcing regulators to make changes The Regulatory SC provides IEEE 802.11 with information about spectrum availability and changes Where needed, the group lobbies regulators for changes to accommodate new standards 11/10/2018