USE OF HANDHELD DEVICES FOR CENSUS DATA COLLECTION IN INDIA

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Presentation transcript:

USE OF HANDHELD DEVICES FOR CENSUS DATA COLLECTION IN INDIA ABHISHEK JAIN, IAS, Director Census Operations & Citizen Registration, Punjab, Chandigarh, HP (INDIA) United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses Colombo, Sri Lanka 8-11 May 2018

Census 2011 - INDIA Provinces/States - 35 Districts - 640 Sub-districts - 5,924 Towns/Cities - 7,933 Villages - 640,930 Enumeration Areas (In million) - 2.47 Households (in million) – 249 Population (in million) – 1,211 Enumerators & Supervisors (in million) – 2.7 Ethnic groups - 4,635 Mother tongues – 6,661

Technology Options Technology for Data collection Data processing Till now: Face to face canvasser method, Paper questionnaire Technology for Data collection Data processing Image courtesy: Internet

Source: Meryem Demirci (2017), 48th session of the United Nations Statistical Commission, Lunchtime Seminar on the 2020 Round of Population and Housing Censuses, New York, 7 March.

Some Surveys in India using CAPI National Family Health Survey (2014-15): Sample size 600,000 households. Longitudinal Ageing Study in India: Sample size 60250 Periodic Labor Force Survey Socio-Economic and Caste Census

Learnings from Socio-Economic & Caste Census (SECC) 2011-14 Data Collection through Handheld Devices across India Time vs. Resources – Trade off 640,000 devices for 2.7 million EAs Took four years for completion Two persons per device Enumerator Device operator Power backup issue in rural areas Reusability of the devices after operation

Consideration for use of Technology in Data Collection Time lag in dissemination decreases the usefulness of Census data. Final method to be chosen on timeliness, cost-efficiency, accuracy. Collection of data through Hand Held Devices is an obvious solution for improving the efficacy Data entered in the on-line Hand Held Devices can be stored to the online server simultaneously

Advantages of Electronic Data Collection Database will be prepared just after the completion of field work Faster processing of data Customized tables Can eliminate the time, cost and manpower needed to scan the schedules Savings in transportation and storage of schedules Improved field management and real time monitoring of enumeration activities Easier handling of hand held device(vs paper ) Improved data quality through built in consistency checks and logical validation On-screen help can be provided to the Enumerators Better identification of the units – through GPS facility and maps

Disadvantages of Data Collection through Hand Held Devices Difficulty in remote areas and many rural areas due to non-availability of internet facility More dependency on technology providers Large investment (high equipment cost with limited period usage) Skilled and thoroughly trained Enumerators are required throughout the country Availability of electricity facility in rural areas to recharge the device Online security threat to the data stored in the devices Vulnerability to cyber attack Loss of data due to faulty device Unauthorized use of the device

Major Challenges in Electronic Data Collection Human Resource related challenges Technology related challenges: hardware, software, backup support, maintenance etc. One time usage of devices Enumeration in 20 days (9-28th Feb 2011) Enumerating all Houseless population in one single days (on 28th Feb) Re-visit to count addition/deletion in 5 days Questionnaire filled in 16 languages

Percentage of countries by obstacles faced in the use of new technologies during the 2010 census round (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Financial resources Staff resources/expe rtise Process reengineering/i nfrastructure Total Africa Asia Europe Ocenia North South America America Source: Meryem Demirci (2017), 48th session of the United Nations Statistical Commission, Lunchtime Seminar on the 2020 Round of Population and Housing Censuses, New York, 7 March.

Prerequisites for Data Collection through Hand Held Devices Designing and developing a simple, user-friendly but powerful interface for enumerators with the following features: Questionnaire navigation Automated routing Pre-coding Quality Control Support and documentation Easy data transfer and export Better data security Encryption of stored data Back-up system to prevent data loss Proper field testing of the software before census - PILOT

Prerequisites for Census Data Collection through Hand Held Devices Specification/Features of Handheld device Portability: weight, size, ease of use and transport Battery Life: Should have sufficient battery back-up to perform one full day field work without recharging. Proper screen size and resolution Hardware specification: Faster processor and sufficient RAM Data Storage and backup: Sufficient internal memory. External devices may also be provided for back up of data Inbuilt features like GPS, voice recorder etc.

Measures to secure data Authentication Encryption of stored data Devise use policy Use of MDM (mobile device management) technologies Development of security policies

Conclusion Data collection using electronic devices is a desirable option as it is a global plan for modernization of census and statistical systems. However, the situation varies from country to country. Still pros outweigh cons. It can be used partially – eg for Houselisting only, or only for urban areas. Early planning and thorough preparation is required. Strong management skills and abilities are required to anticipate challenges and ways to solve problems. Good IT hardware and software, effective training programs, motivated enumerators etc. are prerequisites. Various challenges, but challenges to be converted into opportunities.

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