Star-Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key War of 1812 (American Revolution Part 2) In 1812 America declared war on Great Britain for impressments of their soldiers, interference with shipping and arming Native Americans. Main land fighting occurred at the upper border of Canada, along with extensive fighting at sea. The peace treaty that ended the war was signed in 1814 and by the end Americans gained a sense of unity. Star-Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key Causes: Impressments of American sailors Interference w/ US shipping British Military aid to Native Americans Effects: Increased sense of National Pride American manufacturing boosted Native American resistance weakened

Monroe Doctrine Colonization President James Monroe’s statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign country to colonize would be considered an act of war. Colonization

An agreement in which Spain gave East Florida to the United States Adam's Onis Treaty An agreement in which Spain gave East Florida to the United States

Trail of Tears An 800-mile forced march made by the Cherokee Indians from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory: This forced march led to the deaths of almost one fourth of all Cherokee people.

Alamo A Spanish Mission in San Antonio, Texas that was the site of a famous battle of the Texas Revolution

Republic of Texas Texas became independent after the Battle of Jacinto, after which Mexican General Santa Ana signed a treaty giving Texas its independence.

Annexation The act of attaching or adding, as the United States did with the Republic of Texas in 1845

Treaty Guadalupe Hildago A treaty that ended the Mexican-American War and gave the United States much of Mexico’s northern territory (New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah).

Conestoga Wagon A large, heavy, broad-wheeled wagon used in the United States in Western Expansion; was usually pulled by 4-8 horses or oxen

Moutain Men Men hired by eastern companies to trap animals for fur in the Rocky Mountains and other Western Regions of the United States; were some of the first people to trap and map the Rocky Mountains

Bear Flag Republic Cali Revolt A revolt against Mexico by American Settlers in California who declared the territory an independent republic; name comes from a hastily made flag of a grizzly bear facing a read star that was placed above Sonoma, California after the battle. Cali Revolt

Donner Party A group of Western travelers who were stranded in the Sierra Nevada Mountains during the Winter of 1846-47; only 45 of the party’s 87 members survived the journey.

Go Broncos 49ers A gold-seeker who moved to California during the Gold Rush which occurred in 1849; the vast majority of the 49ers did not become rich

John C Fremont American Explorer, army officer, and politician. Traveled with Kit Carson and is believed to be the first European-American to view Lake Tahoe.

Brigham Young American Religious leader who headed the Mormon Church after the murder of the Church’s founder, Joseph Smith. He moved the community to Utah, leading thousands along what came to be known as the Mormon Trail to the main settlement of Salt Lake City