By Autumn, Emma, Helen, Sophia and Tamarah States of Matter By Autumn, Emma, Helen, Sophia and Tamarah

Chemical and Physical Properties

Terms like gases, liquids, solids and plasma are really referring to matter Matter: anything that takes up space (has volume) and has mass Everything that makes up physical and chemical world is matter Property: characteristic that helps us identify a person, place, or thing

Chemical Properties Chemical properties: describe how a substance reacts with other substances. Can be qualitative or quantitative Qualitative: descriptors that give non numerical values colour, size (big, small) etc. Quantitative: can be given a numerical value like time, volume, or temperature

Example of a Physical properties The colour of this firetruck is red. Red is a physical property of the firetruck.

Class Question: What are the two ways chemical properties are classified?

Answer: Qualitative and quantitative properties

Observed without changing its physical make up Physical Properties The hardness and colour of a substance are both physical properties physical properties can also be qualitative or quantitative properties that do not change the chemical make up of matter Observed without changing its physical make up

Compressibility High pressure molecules are more influence by unpleasant forces property of a substance that allows it to be compressed Solids and liquids have little space between the particles and are more difficult to compress

Example: Inflating your tires, you compress gas to increase the pressure on the tire.

Question: Why are solids and liquids more harder to compress?

Answer: Solids and liquids have little space between the particles and are more difficult to compress

Density The idea of density is usually demonstrated by a comparison such as: Two identical boxes that have the same volume but different materials Box A has lead and Box B has feathers. You can predict that the box of lead will have a greater mass than the box of feathers. Having a greater mass for the same volume tells us that lead is a denser material than feathers. Every substance has its own density so its density becomes a property of the substance Every sample of the same pure element should have the same density.

Density Box A is filled with platinum and box b is filled with Styrofoam. Box a and box b both have the same volume and are identical. which material is more dense? Box A is more dense.

Diffusion Diffusion: Is the movement of one substance through another. Diffusion is not just limited to gasses, diffusion also occurs commonly in solids and liquids. When you smell food from another room, this is an example of diffusion. Diffusion also allows scents to spread easily through the air.

Diffusion Remember!: When it comes to diffusion, substances diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration Also, lighter particles diffuse more quickly than heavier particles

The Four States of Matter

Plasma Gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons Temperatures range from relatively cool to very dense and hot The universe is 99% plasma 4th state of matter (the uncommon state)

Plasma examples Lightning Stars Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) -170 degrees celsius Plasma T.V.'s (plasma manufactured in laboratories at 100 million degrees celsius)