By: Asha Hanstad, Sana Vasi, & Nasira Pratt Women of Color in Math By: Asha Hanstad, Sana Vasi, & Nasira Pratt

Why? (Overview) It is important to acknowledge the lack of diversity in the mathematical field in order to understand how rare and incredible it is for women of color to succeed in mathematically-based fields In order to understand the lack of diversity, we must look at the oppressional institutions that uphold these normative gender and race gaps We are going to do this by outlining some of the barriers and disparities for women of color in math, and looking at 3 well accomplished women of color in the STEM field

Double Bind Mathematical ability is associated with white males STEM fields are dominated by white males Women of color are underrepresented in mathematically based fields since they are both racial and gender minorities women hold less than 25 percent of all STEM jobs of science and math doctorates awarded in 2004 in America, black women earned 1.7 percent while white women earned 15 percent of engineering doctorates awarded, black women earned 1.7 percent while white women earned 30 percent women of color make up fewer than 1 in 10 employed scientists and engineers

Barriers Stereotyping Bicultural Stress Tokenism 100 percent of women of color in STEM reported gender bias Latinx women reported to being concerned about being stereotyped as “too emotional,” while Black women were concerned about being seen as “angry Black women.” Pressure to prove themselves Bicultural Stress little tolerance of cultural differences forced to live in 2 cultural contexts Tokenism pressure to excel

Cora Ratto de Sadosky (1912- 1981) Argentinian Mathematician Political activist Led the Argentinian University Student Union Created “La Junta de la Victoria” International Women’s Union in Paris Built the School of Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires in 1945 Received her doctorate and formed her thesis Served as an Associate Professor of Mathematics Introduction to Linear Algebra Contributed to the Establishment of the Albert Einstein Scholarship

Katherine Adebola Okikiolu (1965- Present) Half Nigerian & Half British Mathematician Obtained her BA in Math at Cambridge University & PhD at the University of CA Known for her work with Elliptic Differential Operators Received the Sloan Research Fellowship in 1997 The first Black woman to publish an article in the Annals of Mathematics in 2001

Maryam Mirzakhani (1977- Present) From Tehran, Iran Received her PhD from Harvard University in 2004 Assistant professor at Princeton until 2008 Currently a professor at Stanford Biggest Contribution: Advance in Dynamical Systems in regards to Reimann surfaces Concerned with geodesics in prime number theorem proved that a simple number was asymptotic which led to more mathematical advancement

CONCLUSION While it is difficult for women of color to have access to the knowledge and career of fields dominated by white males, these mathematicians prove that women of color are capable to be in the STEM fields and resilient enough to combat the stereotypes associated.