Reconstruction Begins SWBAT: Describe the competing visions for reconstruction

Do Now “With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.” Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, Saturday, March 4, 1865 The ideas expressed in the passage most directly led to the political controversies of the 1860s and 1870s over the Role of the federal government in settlement of the West Process of reconstructing the United States in the aftermath of war Authority of the states to promote economic development Extension of American democratic values abroad

Major Questions How should the South be rebuilt? How should states that seceded be reintegrated? How should former slaves be integrated into the reunified nation? ???

Chart Analysis Review the 3 plans for Reconstruction with your group members. What similarities and differences exist between them?

Lincoln’s Plan Reconciliation & Reunion Rebellious states could return to the Union when 10% of its voters took an oath of loyalty The state approved the 13th Amendment Confederate States rejected this plan Lincoln was willing to pardon all the but the highest-ranking military & civilian leaders of the Confederacy

Wade-Davis Bill Congress proposed a tougher plan, the Wade-Davis Bill Confederate States could rejoin the Union when A majority of each state’s white males pledged allegiance to the Union A new state government was formed by Southerners who had not taken arms against the Union Permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders Lincoln pocket vetoes the bill Pocket Veto- The indirect veto of a bill received by the President within ten days of the adjournment of Congress, effected by retaining the bill unsigned until Congress adjourns (the bill “dies”)

Lincoln Assassinated

Andrew Johnson President Johnson was a loyal Tennessee senator at the outbreak of the war Fancied himself a “common man” Supported by farmers & laborers Hated southern aristocracy Offers his plan, which is dubbed “Presidential Reconstruction” (1865 – 1867)

Andrew Johnson Presidential Reconstruction Pardoned nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance Johnson appointed governors to oversee state conventions that were establishing new loyal state governments

Freedmen’s Bureau Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves & assist with their education, jobs, health care, & landowning Investigated abuses by the South towards blacks Bureau agent depicted as a promoter of racial peace in the violent postwar South

Black Codes Laws passed by southern state legislatures to restrict the rights of former slaves & continue white hegemony Examples: Blacks could not testify against whites in court Blacks could not serve on juries Blacks not allowed to vote Blacks had to work on plantations Black laborers who did not sign one year contracts could be arrested & hired out to white landowners * The Civil Rights Act of 1866 would bring an end to many black codes

Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens Andrew Johnson Read the speeches by Thaddeus Stevens and Johnson to explore why the Radical Republican plan was considered so “radical” at the time Complete the “Guiding Questions” as you read The whole fabric of southern society must be changed. Without this, this Government can never be, as it has never been, a true republic. This country is for white men, and by god, as long as i am president, it shall be a government for white men.

Wrap Up Review “Guiding Questions” as a class