Warm Up: What would you do? Pt1) Now that the Civil War is over, what would you do as president to “reunite” the nation? Pt2) Describe what you see in the political cartoon, who do you think the characters are? What is this cartoon showing? 1) Warm Up

Reconstruction & Its Aftermath 8-3 Reconstruction Plans

Reconstruction Debate 2) Visual Vocab Civil War saved the Union but shook nation to its core Attempt to reunite nation left them w/ many ?’s Should southerners be punished or forgiven? What rts. should be granted to freedmen? The term given to newly freed slaves How can nation be re-united? War left South in shambles Towns cities in ruins Plantations burned Roads, bridges, RR’s destroyed 258,000 rebels died… those who returned not themselves Rebuild their lives w/o any resources and few worthy men Everyone agreed they needed to rebuild south Disagreed bitterly how to do it Period of rebuilding called “reconstruction”

Lincoln’s Plan Lincoln offered the 1st plan 3) Chart Lincoln offered the 1st plan Dec.1863- called “10% Plan” If… 10% of voters of state took oath of loyalty to Union… state form new gov’t (banning slavery) He believed punishing would serve no purpose… only delay healing of nation Offered amnesty, or a pardon to all white southerners (except Confed. Officers) willing to swear oath of loyalty to Union Supported giving rt. to vote to educated AA’s or ones who served in the Union Army But… wouldn’t force the south to give them all the rts. 1864- LA, TN, AK agreed to Lincoln’s Plan Caught in middle though when Congress refused to back Lincoln’s deal Thought south should be punished 4) Visual Vocab

5) Radical Republicans A Rival Plan Group of Republicans in Congress thought Lincoln’s plan too nice Thought Congress should control Reconstruction Called Radical Republicans b/c favored more radical, extreme approach Leader… Thaddeus Stevens Declared south should be broken Congress voted to deny seats to any states reconstructed under Lincoln’s plan Began to create their own plan

The Wade-Davis Bill Chart July 1864- Congress passes Wade-Davis Bill Much harsher than Lincoln’s plan 1st- majority of whites had to swear allegiance 51% not 10% 2nd- Only those men could vote for reps in Congress 3rd- Former Rebels couldn’t hold public office or vote 4th- Had to adopt state gov’t that abolished slavery Only when all conditions met… They could be readmitted to Union Lincoln refused to sign bill Wanted new gov’ts fast and order restored But… He knew though he would have to compromise w/ Radical Republicans

The Freedman’s Bureau Other issue of reconstruction going much better March 1865- Congress and Lincoln create gov’t agency called Freedmen’s Bureau Played important role in helping AA’s make the transition from slavery Provided food, clothing, and medical aid Est. schools and helped set up AA universities Helped freedmen acquire land (abandoned or seized by Union army) 40 acres and a mule 6) Why important?

Lincoln Assassinated! 7) When/where? 8) The events 14 April 1865- Lincoln & wife, Mary Todd Went to Ford’s Theatre to see play, Our American Cousin 5 days after Lee surrenders 4 yrs. To the day of fall of Fort Sumter to start the war John Wilkes Booth, actor and Rebel spy Enters into presidential booth undetected Shot Lincoln in back of the head Leapt from box onto stage, shouts Sic Semper Tyrannous, Latin for Thus Always to Tyrants Escapes in to chaos Aides carry Lincoln across street to Patterson house where he dies a few hours later Booth escapes into VA b4 being caught by Union army on April 26th Refuses to surrender and is shot to death in a barn Booth was mastermind in plot to kill all high gov’t officials at same time Court convicted 8 of the conspirators and saw 4 of them hanged Lincoln Assassination Eyewitness (Feb 9, 1956) (5:29) on poster The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (5:55) on picture 8) The events

The Plot and Aftermath Booth was mastermind in plot to kill all high gov’t officials at same time They met in Mary Surratt’s boarding house She was the 1st woman executed by the gov’t Planed to kill the V.P. and Sec. of State Seward Would cause chaos in the gov’t The attack never happened on Johnson Seward survived but was stabbed several times Major Henry Rathbone, who was with Lincoln @Ford’s never recovered In 1883 he went nuts Tried to kill his children and killed his wife Lived rest of his life in an Insane Asylum Mary Todd also went crazy She lost 3 kids and husband She spent some time in a asylum It’s said she would keep all of her money sewn in her dress.

A New President Part of the plot to be killed too, but wasn’t VP under Lincoln Democratic Senator from TN Only southern senator to stay in Congress after secession Soon after taking office revealed his plan for reconstruction Resented to slaveholders who destroyed the south Wanted them punished Radical Republicans thought he would create a plan they would like but… He believed in giving the states the power to make the decisions And he was no friend to the African American 9) New Prez

“Restoration” May 1865- Johnson announces his “Restoration” plan Chart May 1865- Johnson announces his “Restoration” plan Part 1- southerners granted amnesty after swear oath to Union Part 2- Rebel Officers and officials could be pardoned Had to apply in person to the President Part 3- only whites who swore oath and were pardoned could vote Part 4- allowed new state gov’ts to decide on voting rts for blacks Part 5- states had to have convention where they denounced secession and must abolish slavery Had to ratify, sign into law the 13th Amendment Abolishes slavery in all states By end of 1865 all rebel states had done these things except TX President Johnson declared “restoration” almost complete

Its time to play…NAME THAT PLAN! …That the delegates shall be elected by the loyal white male citizens of the United States of the age of twenty-one years, and resident at the time in the county… …the oath of allegiance shall be taken … by every voter in the form above prescribed, but every person known by or proved … to have held or exercised any office, civil or military, state or confederate, under the rebel usurpation, or to have voluntarily borne arms against the United States, shall be excluded… And be it further enacted, That the convention shall declare, on behalf of the people of the state, their submission to the constitution and laws of the United States, and shall adopt the following provisions, hereby prescribed by the United States in the execution of the constitutional duty to guarantee a republican form of government to every state, and incorporate them in the constitution of the state, that is to say: First. No person who has held or exercised any office, civil or military, except offices merely ministerial, and military offices below the grade of colonel, state or confederate, under the usurping power, shall vote for or be a member of the legislature, or governor. Second. Involuntary servitude is forever prohibited, and the freedom of all persons is guaranteed in said state/ ...And be it further enacted, That … it shall be the duty of the President, whenever he shall have reason to believe that a sufficient number of the people of the state entitled to vote under this act, in number not less than a majority of those enrolled, as aforesaid, are willing to reestablish a state government on the conditions aforesaid, to direct the provisional governor… to proceed.. to certify the state government reestablished by it to the President.

Exit Ticket: Essential Question How did Lincoln’s death change the course of “Reconstruction?”