New Technology Major impact on the Civil War First time rifles and trenches were used in a war Gatling Gun – first rapid fire machine gun Ironclads – ships reinforced with steel on the side First ironclad battle

V. Reconstruction

Reconstruction Storyline

Warren County Spotlight John Hyman – first African-American Congressman from North Carolina Born in Warrenton

A. Presidential Plan Lincoln: wanted more lenient terms for Confederate states to re- join the Union faster. April 14, 1865: Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth (Southerner). Vice-President Andrew Johnson becomes President, supports the same, more moderate plan.

B. Congressional Plan Lead by the Radical Republicans – Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner. Harsh terms for the South: Bring more power to the Republican Party Keep Confederate leaders from holding office Radical Republicans win majority in Congress in 1866, push their plan for Reconstruction through.

C. Military Reconstruction Act (1867) Radical Republican Reconstruction plan wins. Key points: Re-admitted Confederate states into the U.S. Divided states into 5 military districts, each headed by a Union general. Demanded new state constitutions and ratification of the 14th Amendment.

D. Johnson Gets Impeached Radical Republicans didn't trust Johnson to carry out their Reconstruction plan. Johnson disobeys, gets impeached by Congress. Impeached: The House of Representatives votes on whether to have a trial to see if the President has abused his power or done something illegal. The President is removed from office if he/she is found guilty by vote in the Senate. Not voted out of office, but first time a U.S. President had been impeached.

E. Republican Rule in the South Many northerners came to the South to get involved in the new Republican government, not liked by Southerners. Nickname: Carpetbaggers The Freedmen's Bureau Set up by Congress to give resources and protection to African-Americans. Why is this needed? Didn’t have support and collapsed.

Independent Practice One of the major goals of Reconstruction was to help African- Americans get used to a new life of liberty. Pretend you are an African American in 1870 and are living through Reconstruction. Write an opinion piece for your local newspaper saying whether you think Reconstruction by the federal government has helped you feel like you have freedom and liberties. Your opinion piece should be 6-10 sentences. Use information from your notes to support your assertion/claim.

Exit Ticket In their plans for Reconstruction, both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson sought to punish the South for starting the Civil War force the Southern States to pay reparations to the Federal Government allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible establish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South

Exit Ticket 2) Following Reconstruction, the term “New South” was most often used to describe changes in the Southern economy new attitudes in race relations the growth of the Republican Party in the South the decline of the sharecropping system

Exit Ticket 3) Why is the term Reconstruction used for the time period from 1866- 1877? How did it try to reconstruct the South?