Expansion and the Mexican-American War U.S. History Day 13 Expansion and the Mexican-American War

States and Capitals Quiz Remember it’s cumulative: you’ll have all fourteen from last time. Next seven states: California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas 3 of these 6 public officials: US Senators from North Carolina US House of Representatives Congressman from your district (1st) North Carolina State Senator representing your district (4th) North Carolina House of Representatives delegate from your district (32nd) Governor of North Carolina

III. Conflict from Moving West Objective 2.01

A. Political Conflict Missouri Compromise: Addressed the issue of slavery in new states. Problem: Needed to determine whether new states would be slave states or free states. Southerners: want slave states that will support slavery in Congress. Northerners: want free states that will try to stop slavery in Congress. Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Also created a boundary line – the red lie on the map. Any state south of the red line is a slave state, and any state north of the red line is a free state.

A. Political Conflict Texas Annexation: Texas eventually is annexed into the US. Annex: to bring in Northern opposition: Texas was south of the Missouri Compromise line, so it would have to be a slave state. Because of this debate, Texas was an independent country for about 9 years.

B. Conflict with Native Americans The Indian Removal Act (1830): passed under Andrew Jackson’s presidency. Forced about 50,000 Native Americans to move to the West/newer territories. Purpose- two reasons: To get white farmers from Georgia more land to plant cotton. To stop the conflict between Americans and Native Americans by send Native Americans elsewhere. Cherokee tribe resisted and claimed this was illegal.

B. Conflict with Native Americans Worcester v. Georgia Court case about a Georgia state law that required any whites living in Native American territory to have a permit from the State of Georgia. Outcome: Supreme Court ruled that state governments did not have the right to make laws about Native American territory; only the federal government did. Follows the idea that the Native American tribes are a separate nation. Means that states can’t force Native Americans to leave.

B. Conflict with Native Americans President Andrew Jackson disagreed with the Supreme Court and wanted the Cherokee to leave. Federal military held Cherokee at gunpoint until they left their home. Around 16,000 were forced to leave. Land was given to white settlers.

B. Conflict with Native Americans Trail of Tears: Cherokee trip from their old home to the West. 3,000 – 4,000 died on the walk to present-day Oklahoma from poor living conditions – cold, hunger and/or disease. Forced to walk over 1000 miles in the winter.

C. Physical Conflict Texas is admitted as a slave state in 1845. Angered Mexicans, who saw this as betrayal, led to war. Create boundary dispute between U.S. and Mexico. U.S. occupied a piece of land that in the boundary dispute, and Mexicans attacked.

Guided Practice Analyze Trail of Tears from each of the following four perspectives: Cherokee tribe member White farmer from Georgia A U.S. official Supreme Court justice

III. Change from Expansion

A. Political Change Expansion becomes major issue in U.S. Politics James K. Polk: Democratic candidate, takes strong stance on wanting to annex Texas AND Oregon; big believer in Manifest Destiny Issue breakdown: For expansion of Texas: significantly more land (Manifest Destiny), Southerners wanted another slave state. Against: Probably would have war with Mexico, Northerners concerned about slavery

Land and Population Boom Census Population 1790 3,918,000 1800 5,236,000 1810 7,036,000 1820 10,086,000 1830 12,785,000 1840 17,018,000 1850 23,054,000 Manifest Destiny achieved – U.S. now from coast to coast People had many more opportunities to succeed: more trading, more land out West for farming. Huge population boom: the U.S. population QUADRUPLED between 1800 and 1850 Much more immigration because of more land, more opportunities.

Independent Practice Using your notes from the past two days, create two charts analyzing the effects of this expansion. Example of charts: Effect of Expansion Migration, Conflict, or Change? Explanation Native American migration/Trail of Tears Migration, some conflict U.S. government forced Native Americans to go to new territories.

Exit Ticket 1) Which of the following positions would President Andrew Jackson have MOST likely agreed with regarding the Cherokee? a. Their rights must be protected because of the help they gave the U.S. at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. b. They should be shown special favor because of their willingness to adapt to the ways of white settlers. c. Unless the Supreme Court rules otherwise, the Cherokee have no right to land in the southeast and it is lawful for the government to move them. d. It is the president, not the Court, that should decide the fate of the Cherokee.

Exit Ticket 2) During the years 1800-1850, how did the area and population of the United States change? a. There was no change in either. b. The population increased, but the area remained the same. c. The population remained the same, but it was spread out over a larger area. d. Both the area and the population increased a great deal.

Exit Ticket 3) How can expansion lead to conflict and change? Your answer should explain two different ways.