Hispanic American Civil Rights

Mexican American Civil Rights Define Chicano Movement. Struggles Facing Mexican-American Farm Workers Minimum wage or less Poor equipment causing discomfort Citizenship? LULAC will not support Politicians won’t listen

Mexican American Civil Rights César Chávez Former migrant laborer, civil rights and union activist Established the National Farm Workers Association – combined with Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (a Filipino farmworkers group) to create the UNITED FARM WORKERS Notable achievements: 300 mile march to Sacramento, boycott table grapes – 17 million supporters, Workers signed union contracts 1970, Agricultural Labor Relations Act 1975 Workers only represented 10% of California grape harvesters by 1980

Mexican American Civil Rights How did César Chávez impact the Mexican-American Civil Rights movement? Provide specific examples.

Mexican American Civil Rights Mexican American Youth Organization - mayo Militant group that protested methods used to prevent Mexican AMericans from voting Poll taxes, Gerrymandering & intimidation Reies Lopez Tijerina and Land reclamation Federal alliance of land grants formed in new mexico Claimed new mexico had broken a treaty from 1848 Planned to occupy a section of the kit carson national forest, but members were arrested Raided rio arriba county courthouse as a result of the arrests

Mexican American Civil Rights La Raza Unida party Based in Denver and connected to the National Chicano Liberation Youth Conference founded by Rudolfo “Corky” Gonzalez Became a political party with ties to Texas, Colorado, and California Gained political ground in Texas (Specifically Crystal City and Eagle Pass) School Board influence City Council and County Elections Overall ineffective because it often acted (because it was) as a third party, splitting the democratic vote

Mexican American Civil Rights Explain the overall success of the Chicano movement in advancing the rights of Mexican-Americans. Provide Specific Examples.

Puerto Rican Civil Rights Spanish American War 1898 – The United States Defeat Spain taking possession of the remaining Spanish colonies Guam Puerto Rico The Philippines 1917 Citizenship granted Responses – Puerto Ricans believed that Racism on the part of the U.S. prevented statehood Impact – Could travel freely to the U.S., What type of life would await them?

Puerto Rican Civil Rights Increasing numbers on the east coast West Side Story anyone? 29% below the poverty line Unemployment rate double that of U.S. national Average 1950s Nationalism 1950 – President Truman assassination attempt by two Puerto rican nationalists 1954 – four Puerto Rican Nationalists open fire on members of U.S. House of Representatives

Puerto Rican Civil Rights Methods Associations, trade unionism & Political Groups Riots during the 1960s Inspiration? Progress Puerto Rican studies introduced at some colleges New York City Board of Education forced by the court to provide Spanish speaking students with bilingual education Some political representation by the 1970s

Hispanic Americans, 1970-2000 1970s Operating on a more collective basis Improvements in education, curriculum, centres for Hispanic studies created Groups more active (Identify these groups & provide one action they took in the 1970s) Lulac Nclr Naleo maldef

Hispanic Americans, 1970-2000 1970s continued Identification and Cisneros v. Corpus Christi Independent School District (1970) Look up this supreme court case and explain how it impacted Hispanic Americans How did the Civil Rights act of 1964 & the Equal Employment Opportunity act of 1972 help Hispanic Americans in relation to getting hired for jobs?

Hispanic Americans, 1970-2000 1980s What is the “Hispanic Decade?” Gerrymandering (in a good Way) Changes made to the Voting Rights act of 1965 – redrawing congressional districts to create majority-minority districts Big impacts for Arizona, California, Florida, New Mexico, New York, and Texas Look up information for Hispanic American representation in the Federal Government for the 1970s vs. the 1980s

Hispanic Americans, 1970-2000 1980s Continued 1990s How did the Reagan administration impact the progress made for Hispanic Americans? Provide specific examples 1990s Proposition 187 & Nativism, 1994 A California initiative to deny everything but emergent healthcare to undocumented immigrants Was this legal? Why or why not?

Hispanic Americans, 1970-2000 1990s continued Union revival for many industries employing large numbers of Hispanic americans Political Representation Increasing numbers of naturalization = more registered voters (7% by 2000) = Increasing representation at local, state & national levels President Clinton Appointees

Continuing Struggles facing Hispanic Americans Below are a list of issues that Hispanic Americans are facing today. Using a researching tool, try to find information that corroborates that claim. Can you find any contradicting information? Racial Profiling Educational disadvantages Poverty Affirmative Action

Immigration – Reform & Controversy My father worked a long time here in the US…He came here during the time of the Braceros. He used to tell us children that it was beautiful here…I wanted to be the one to come here, to live here, to be able to tell the family how it was here. I was 16 or 17 when I left. Barken, Elliot Robert. And Still They Come: Immigrants and American Society 1920 to the 1990s

Immigration – Reform & Controversy There are men who carry people across the river on their shoulders. The water is kind of rough, but that’s what these men do to make a living. They Charge [$1.50-2.50]. The water is up to their chest, but they manage to hold us up on their shoulders so we can get to work dry…Suppose I am caught by the patrolmen at seven thirty in the morning. They will take me to the station and hold me for a few hours, then bus me back JuÁrez. I would walk back to a crossing point and try once again. It is like a game. I think the most times I was ever caught was six times in one day. No matter how many times they catch me, I keep coming back. Barken, Elliot Robert. And Still They Come: Immigrants and American Society 1920 to the 1990s

Immigration – Reform & Controversy Take a few minutes to research U.S. Immigration Laws at the following times: 1850s 1920s 1930s 1960s 1980s How would you summarize Immigration in the U.S. throughout the decades? What causes changes to be made to immigration laws?

Why is Immigration Reform So controversial? Below are a few of the issues attached to immigration. Create an argument for and against each issue. The Economic Debate The Law and Order Debate The Assimilation Debate The Practice of Selection Debate