TRAINING WORKSHOP FOR UPDATING INVENTORY OF INITIAL AND NEW POPs Status on the management of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) in Thailand TRAINING WORKSHOP FOR UPDATING INVENTORY OF INITIAL AND NEW POPs May 8th- 9th 2018, Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

What is Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ? Persistence Organic Pollutant 209 PCBs congeners Fat Soluble No Known taste/smell Non-biodegradable Health Effects : Chloracne, Liver damage, Human Carcinogen

Where are PCBs ? Transformers and capacitors Electrical equipment (voltage regulators, switches, re-closers, bushings, electromagnets) Oil used in motors and hydraulic systems Old electrical devices or appliances containing PCBs capacitors

PCBs Regulations in Thailand (1) 1. the Hazardous Substances Act 1992 In 2004, PCBs (CAS No. 1336-36-3) has been classified as Hazardous Substance type 4  Ban for importation, exportation, production, and possession. In 2004, PCBs-capacitors & Wastes contaminated with PCBs at concentration exceed 50 mg/kg has been classified as Hazardous Substance type 3  The importation and exportation have to be registered and approved by Department of Industrial Works. In 2008, Phase-Out the Use of PCBs materials or PCBs contaminated materials : the holder of PCBs materials or PCBs contaminated materials has developed Action Plan for the Phasing Out and Destruction of PCBs within 2012 and transportation/removing to another place shall be approved from Department of Industrial Works.

PCBs Regulations in Thailand (2) 2. The Factory Act (1992) “Wastes contaminated with PCBs ” shall be classified as “Hazardous Waste” Total threshold limit concentrations (TTLC) by analysis for total PCBs concentration in waste The soluble threshold limit concentrations (STLC) by Waste Extraction Test, WET ≥ 50 mg/kg ≥ 0.5 mg/L Oils containing PCBs Components containing PCBs Transformers and Capacitors containing PCBs Discarded equipment containing or contaminated by PCBs, Construction and Demolition wastes containing PCBs (for example PCBs-containing sealants, PCBs containing resin-based floorings, PCBs-containing sealed glazing units, PCBs-containing capacitors)

PCBs Regulations in Thailand (3) Hazardous Waste including PCBs waste must be stored, transported, handled, and disposed by the following strict procedures of the Notification of the Ministry of industry, dated December 27 B.E. 2548 (1995), issued under the Factory Act B.E 2535 (1992) such as Waste collector ,transporter and disposer shall be approved from Department of Industrial Works (DIW) . An operation must be in compliance with procedure of DIW such as hazardous waste transportation out of factory shall use HAZ waste manifest form and also report transport of all wastes to DIW..

PCBs Preliminary inventory (2004) In 2004, we conducted the “PCBs preliminary inventory” under the 1st National Implementation Plan (NIP) by launching questionnaires and visiting several sites (e.g. factories, hospitals, universities) and provided "PCBs Inventory Workshop” to discuss the development of the Preliminary PCBss Inventory.

PCBs Preliminary inventory (2004) The result showed that there were a total of 633 transformers ; 60 units of PCBs transformers 573 units could not be identified as PCBs transformer and need further investigation (382 units of Transformers of over 25 years of age,152 units of unknown age transformers, 39 units of unknown dielectric oil transformers (ไม่ทราบประเภทน้ำมัน)) In addition, there were 379 PCBs capacitors. It was both in and out of services. This research assumed that there were 973 PCBs containing transformers and capacitors--except for unknown dielectric oil--with a total weight of 1,912 tons required a final disposal.

PCBs waste During 1992-2002, The out-of service-equipment of PCBs transformers from State Enterprise Electricity producer and Distributors such as the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), the Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) and the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) and 9 factories were sent out for final disposal abroad, such as, France, United Kingdom, Belgium. Disposal of PCBs Waste from 19992-2002 Source: Department of Industrial Works, 2002

PCBs waste In 2008, We provided “PCBs Management Handbook” to disseminate information about Handling, Collection Labelling and Disposal technologies for PCBs.

the 1st NIP - Action Plans on PCBs GOAL 1 : The use of PCBs is totally ceased by 2012 Institutional strengthening for PCBs management Capacity building/training for human resources Develop a monitoring system for PCBs,including strengthening of data collection/exchange and data management GOAL 2: PCBs containing equipment are managed in an environmentally sound manner by 2012 Technology transfer and public awareness Regulations,Monitoring and Enforcement Research on health and environmental impact and monitoring program for PCBs from source categories

the 1st NIP - Implementation of Action Plans on PCBss Status GOAL 1 : The use of PCBss is totally ceased by 2012 Institutional strengthening for PCBs management (2008)  (Hazardous Substances Management Division, DIW ) Capacity building/training for human resources (2008) (Handbook ) Develop a monitoring system for PCBs,including strengthening of data collection/exchange and data management (2008-2012) (PCBs preliminary inventory, 2004) GOAL 2: PCBs containing equipment are managed in an environmentally sound manner by 2012 Technology transfer and public awareness (2008-2009) (Handbook & PCBs Publications) Regulations,Monitoring and Enforcement (2009) (Notifications under the Hazardous Substances Act (1992) and the Factory Act (1992)) Research on health and environmental impact and monitoring program for PCBs from source categories (2009-2012) (Department of Environmental Quality, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology )

Thank you for your attention. Stockholm Convention Focal Point, Thailand Hazardous Substance Division, Waste & Hazardous Substance Management Bureau, Pollution Control Department Tel +662 298 2425, 2430 Fax +662 298 5393 Email: chem@pcd.go.th http://pops.pcd.go.th http://www.pcd.go.th