February 2 Take Out: Paper or notebook for lecture notes We will continue the Essay Conferences on Monday Learning Objective: I will be able to make the connection from the Industrial Revolution to WWI. I will be able to understand key concepts & terms relating to this time period.

Where we left off… Industrial Revolution Starts in Britain Rapidly changes Britain and West (Europe/America) Pros: Modernization, new inventions, more manufactured goods, booming economy, more wealth Cons: working class had terrible existence, poor treatment of workers, child labor, large wealth gap between rich and poor New ideas rose out of this era in response to industrialization

Ideas (“—ism”) & movements that came as a response to industrialization Capitalism Labor Reform Movements Socialism Communism Utilitarianism Suffrage Movements

Ideas (“—ism”) & movements that came as a response to industrialization It’s pretty much “radical socialism”

Why Marx’s revolution didn’t happen in Britain? Thinks that the proletariats will rise up and lead a revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie  does not happen in Britain WHY? Britain government makes major reform Pass labor laws to protect workers & child labor laws Government intervention/regulations in businesses

Social Darwinism Social ideology that came out as a result of industrialization Uses science to explain society  attempts to explain the gap between rich & poor The rich are rich because they work hard  deserve what they have The poor are poor because they are lazy, don’t try hard enough  deserve what they don’t have European/West applied this idea to explain race Europeans/Westerns (white) are racially superior to non- European/westerns (non-white)

This all leads to… Rise of nationalism Competition for materials and markets Competing for raw resources & new people to sell products to Territorial dispute within Europe Imperialism Militarism Philosophy that puts strong emphasis on military power That a country needs to have strong military to aggressively expand or promote their national interest Rise of nationalism

3 School of Political Thought in Europe 1800s Conservative Usually wealthy property owners & nobility Argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe Liberal Mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants Wanted to give more money to elected parliaments, but only the educated & landowners would vote Radical Favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people Believed that gov’t should practice the ideals of the French Revolution liberty, equality, and brotherhood Political Spectrum

Nationalism… Nationalism blurs the lines of the political spectrum (conservative, liberal, radical) Appeals to all parts of life: Culture, History, Language, Territory, Nationality, Religion Inspired ideas of nationalism self-determinism

National self-determination… from German: Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker A principle whereby a nation has the right to freely choose its political allegiance or form of government

Nation-States When a nation (a group of people with a common culture or history) has it’s own independent government, it is called a nation-state In 1815, only three nation-states existed in Europe. Britain, France and Spain

Non-Nation States at the beginning of 1800s Germany – Dozens of different kingdoms and principalities Italy – 12 different kingdoms Austria-Hungary – 9 different languages, 8 kingdoms, 3 religions Russia – dozens of different languages, cultures, ethnic groups Ottoman Empire - 3 continents, 3 religions, many languages It all starts to change in the mid-1800s Becomes new nation state Greece breaks away & nation state

Positives and Negatives Positive: Nationalism can serve as a unifying force within a country Negative: Nationalism can cause intense competition among nations

Romanticism & Nationalism = Romantic Nationalism Romanticism & nationalism came about around the same time (1800s) in Germany Romantics rejects harsh reality of industrial life  turned to nature & history, strong emotions/feelings Nationalism inspired people to look back into their historical past for inspiration & unity

Romanticism & Nationalism = Romantic Nationalism Strongly inspired by Rousseau & Johann Gottfried von Herder ideas …geography formed the natural economy of a people & shaped their customs and society… Romantic artist & writers painted/wrote things that glorified their cultural/national history  folktales, historical events

Imperialism Economics Military Political Ideology Religion Exploration competition for resources and markets Economics Military Political Ideology Religion Exploration Nationalism contributes to this… Closely linked to economics, need to protect ports around the world for ships/trade “It’s our duty to spread the blessings of Western Civ.” Social Darwinism Spreading Christianity -“saving souls” Explore new places – mostly in regards to the interior of Africa

MIND MAP Terms: Capitalism Socialism Communism Romanticism Nationalism Nation-state(s) National self-determinism Imperialism Militarism Alliances Propaganda Technology Total War MIND MAP Directions: You are creating a Mind Map with the terms on the right. Each term must have: Definition Have a connection to either the Industrial Revolution OR WWI (it can connect to both) with a clear explanation. You must also make 3 connection between terms with an explanation. Extra points for creativity and use of drawings/pictures/color (dependent on quality)