Manifest Destiny and the Addition of Land Level 1 Manifest Destiny and the Addition of Land

Vocabulary Sectionalism: a loyalty to a section of the country instead of the nation itself Diplomats: a person appointed by a government to conduct negotiations and continue friendly relations Military Dictator: government in which the military is in charge of the country Oregon Trail: a route used to migrate west to Oregon Annex: add to Transcontinental Railroad: a train route that crossed America

Essential Question How did adding land increase sectionalism?

“(It is)… our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty.” John L. O’Sullivan, newspaper columnist, 1845

Louisiana Purchase 1803 US offered $10 million to France for New Orleans US paid $15 million for all of the French lands in the west (about 4 cents an acre). Doubled the US http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-americanhistory/Lousiana%20Purchase-800.jpg photo

Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark explored the Northwest to find a waterway joining the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Sacajawea, a Shoshone, guided them. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Carte_Lewis-Clark_Expedition-en.png/400px-Carte_Lewis-Clark_Expedition-en.png photo

Adding Land in the North Convention of 1818 signed between US and Britain US got the Red River Basin Oregon Territory would be used by both countries Resource: http://www.learner.org/interactives/historymap/states_redriver.html

Adding Florida Problems: Actions: Result: Natives attacked settlements in GA Runaway slaves found safety in Florida Actions: 1818 Jackson went to Florida with about 3,000 soldiers and took Fort Pensacola and Fort Marks Spain was fighting in Latin America and didn’t want a war with the US Result: Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) US bought Florida for $5 million and Spain gave up claim to the Pacific Northwest Picture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adams_onis_map.png

Adding Texas Americans settled in Texas when it was part of Mexico. Mexico had freed their slaves in 1821 but Texans wanted to keep their slaves because of cotton. Mexico got Independence from Spain but was led by the military dictator General Santa Anna who got rid of Mexico’s Constitution ending states’ rights (1836). Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836. Santa Anna invaded the Republic of Texas and attacked at the Alamo. 187 frontiersmen defended it for 13 days from 5,000 Mexican troops. Mexican troops won and killed every soldier. 7 weeks later rallying under the battle cry “Remember the Alamo” Houston beat Santa Anna and took him prisoner; chased the Mexican army back into Mexico Sam Houston became the President of Texas. Texas asked to join the US but wasn’t allowed to until 1845 because it wanted slavery.

Adding the Northwest Polk won the election of 1844. Wanted to extend Oregon’s border to 54,40’ 1842 Americans settled the Oregon territory by using the Oregon Trail Rally cry “54,40’ or Fight!” US and Britain made a compromise creating the border at the 49th north latitude

Adding the Southwest President Polk offered Mexico $4.5 million to settle claims for damages from the Mexico civil wars if Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande was Texas’s southern border. $5 million for New Mexico $25 million for California Mexico was insulted. Mexican government was taken over again by a military dictatorship named General Mariano Paredes Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor into disputed territory between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers. Surprise attack by Mexico on an American patrol that killed 11 led to the Battle of Buena Vista Congress declared war. Interactive timeline Picture: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/reform/jb_reform_buena_1_e.html

Adding the Southwest The Mexican War: Polk ordered General Winfield Scott to take Mexico City. Captain Robert E. Lee moved in and won the battle. 1,733 killed in combat total 11,550 died from lack of medical care 16% of soldiers died Resource: America The last Best Hope Volume I by William J. Bennett Picture: http://justoneopinion.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/chapultepec-marines-story.jpg

Adding the Southwest Americans went into New Mexico with the help of the Mormon Brigade. CA left Mexico and became the “Bear Flag Republic” and waited to join the US. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848: Mexico gave up New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Nevada and CA (called the Mexican Cession) and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern border of the US; US paid $15 million Use the link to show the students that there were more battles. You don’t need to go into detail for them. Resource: http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/guadalupe-hidalgo/ Resource: America The last Best Hope Volume I by William J. Bennett Picture: http://www.joneshistory.net/maps/DIVI239.jpg

Adding the Southwest Gadsden Purchase US wanted to create a southern transcontinental railroad joining the west and the south. 1853 Mexico needed money and accepted $10 million for the land. After the Civil War a southern transcontinental railroad was built through this territory to CA. Picture from: http://www.gadsdenpurchase.com/

Essential Question How did adding land increase sectionalism?