Warm Up What was the significance of the Adams Onis Treaty? Which side received the most land from the treaty?

Age of Empresarios 11/10/2018 4:13 PM © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

11/10/2018 4:13 PM Empresario Land agent whose job is to bring in new settlers to the area Often, empresarios encouraged Anglos (white Americans whose ancestors come from England) to come to Texas. © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Moses Austin 1820-First Anglo American to secure permission from Spain to bring American settlers to Texas. Because he lived in present-day Missouri when Spain controlled Louisiana in 1798, he was familiar with Spanish laws and regulations.

Moses Austin When a depression hits his home, he sets out for Texas to meet with Spanish governor Antonio Martinez. He wants to get a contract that will allow him to start a colony and bring 300 families to Texas. At first, his request is denied. Then, his request is approved.

Moses Austin Unfortunately, he catches pneumonia while preparing for the colony. Austin dies on June 10, 1821. His dying wish is for his son, Stephen, to carry out plans for settling Texas.

Moses and Stephen F. Austin Political Cartoon

Stephen F. Austin “Father of Texas” Founded the first Anglo American colony in Texas Possessed the strength of character that allowed him to set up his father’s colony

Stephen F. Austin Wants to set up colony between the Colorado River and the Brazos River Fertile soil Mild climate Abundant water Strict guidelines for colonists “no drunkard, no gambler, no profane swearer, no idler” would be allowed

Map of Austin’s Colony

Land Policy Austin surveys, or measures, the land. Wants to sell land for 12.5 cents per acre (cheap) A man will receive land for: Himself-640 acres Wife-320 acres Each child-160 acres Each slave-80 acres

Try it! You are a male farmer moving to Texas with your wife and two children. How many acres of land should you receive? Yourself-640 acres Your wife-320 acres Two children-160 acres and 160 acres 640 + 320 + 160 + 160 =1,280 acres

Settlers Are attracted to Texas because of low land prices and good farmland MUST become citizens of their new country and take oaths of allegiance to Spain-and then Mexico MUST become Catholic and have good moral character Jared E. Groce is wealthiest of the new colonists.

Try it! Imagine you and your family are moving to Austin’s colony. Your wagon is only big enough to carry ten items. Of the following, which ten would you choose to take, and why? 10 feet of rope a stove cooking pans barrel of molasses a rifle set of books Lead and gunpowder axes winter clothes soap salted, dried beef flour China dishes a plow corn seeds iron bed

Trouble for Austin March 1822-Austin travels to San Antonio to report of his colony’s progress He learns that Mexico has won its independence from Spain. Under the new Mexican laws, his right to colonize Texas is not recognized. He travels to Mexico City to solve the problem.

The New Mexican Government Unorganized Many Americans are seeking colonies in Texas Skeptical of Austin’s desire to start a new colony

Colonization Law of 1823 Under this law, Austin receives a contract. Families who raise livestock and farm will receive 4,605 acres of land. The Mexican government is convinced of Austin’s loyalty, honesty, and sincerity and believe he will be a loyal Mexican citizen. In turn, Austin learns Spanish, meets important leaders, and learns about Mexican customs.

Try it! Under the new law, an acre of land in Texas costs 4 cents. How much would it cost for a family to buy a 4,000 acre plot of land? 4000 acres x $0.04 = ? 4000 acres x $0.04 = $160 It would cost $160! By the way, 4,000 acres is about 6 square miles.

#1 4000 acres of land x $1.25 = $5000 #2 $5000 - $160 = $4840

Back in Texas…1825 Austin returns his colony and issues land titles to 297 families. “Old Three Hundred” Families choose land plots in fertile areas along the Brazos, Colorado, and San Jacinto Rivers, as well as Oyster Creek and Buffalo Bayou (Fort Bend and Houston) Capital of Austin’s colony is San Felipe de Austin (Sealy)

Map of Texas Colonies

Replica Log Cabin at San Felipe

Buffalo Bayou in Houston

Many of the Old Three Hundred settle around this area!

Challenges to the Colony Shipwreck in 1821 with some of the original settlers Drought Land disputes Conflict with Karankawas and Tonkawas Adjusting to laws of Mexican government

Old Three Hundred Jane Long (wife of James Long) Aylett Buckner (Gutierrez-Magee expedition) R.M. Williamson-uses a wooden log to support his weight Mary Crownover Rabb Rebekah Cumings Thomas Pilgrim-opens a school

Jane Long The city of Richmond sits on land granted to Jane Long. Opened a boarding house in Fort Bend county

Constitution of 1824 Mexican emperor Augustin de Iturbide is overthrown in 1823 A new constitution is written Texas and the Mexican state Coahuila become one state Coahuila y Tejas

Map of Mexico, 1824

Colonization Law 1824 Mexico passes a new colonization law No one can receive more than 48,708 acres of land No colony established within 30 miles of the coast or 60 miles of an international boundary without permission Only people who want to live permanently in Texas will receive land contracts

New State Colonization Law 1825 The Coahuila y Tejas state passed a new colonization law. After paying $30, foreigners can receive up to 4,428 acres of land without paying taxes for a certain number of years. Single men-1,107 acres of land If they marry, they receive 3,321 acres of land. If he marries a Mexican woman, he receives an additional 1,107 acres of land. Must be Catholic and have good moral character

Try it! Stephen F. Austin’s definition of good moral character-“no drunkard, no gambler, no profane swearer, no idler” What is your definition of “good moral character”?

The Most Successful Empresario Austin receives more contracts to bring settlers to Texas. His colonies remain successful. Ability to deal successfully with Mexican authorities He speaks Spanish. His colonists had little difficulty getting land titles. His militia made the Natives less of a threat. His contracts included land with fertile soil.

Green DeWitt Empresario from Missouri Most successful after Austin 1825-brings 400 families to Texas His colony is west of Austin’s colony Town of Gonzales is headquarter Native American raids slow early growth of colony

Martin de Leon Mexican horseman and rancher Settles along the Guadalupe River Establishes Victoria Despite Native American raids, colonists prosper by farming and ranching

James Power and James Hewetson From Ireland Settle Irish immigrants along the Gulf Coast Establish the town of Refugio

John McMullen and James McGloin Establish a second colony of Irish immigrants at San Patricio Every year on St. Patrick’s Day, the citizens of San Patricio hold a two-day fair.

Johann Friedrich Ernst Encouraged German immigrants to come to Texas Large German influence today in Kelberg, Warrenburg, New Braunfels, and Fredericksburg

If you took a trip to New Braunfels, what are some things you might do there?

German for “slippery road” Schlitterbahn!!! German for “slippery road”

Other Empresarios David Burnet and Lorenzo de Zavala-later became involved in Texas independence movement

Warm Up Who is the “Father of Texas”? Which Mexican law allows families to receive 4,605 acres of land? What do these families have to do to receive their land?

Slavery in Texas Imperial Colonization Law recognized slavery BUT outlawed slave trading. Slavery was a fact of life in Texas but did not exist to the extent of slavery in the South. There were free African Americans living in Texas.

Women in Texas Life was difficult for women Worked alongside men Building houses Tending livestock Held few rights Could not vote Could not serve on jury Could not hold public office However, Jane McManus was an empresario.

Education Not provided by Mexican government Educating children was left to the colonists Some sent their children to the United States for school Thomas Pilgrim opened the first school in San Felipe de Austin Frances Trask opened the first school for girls

Complete the Empresario chart at the end of your notes! Record where the empresario is from, where they settled, who settled there, and a unique fact. You may need to use pages 199-202 in the textbook.