Brîff 7 Munud - Rheolaeth Drwy Orfodaeth Coercive Control - 7 Minute Briefing

1. BETH YDYW? 1. WHAT IS IT? Aeth deddfwriaeth camdriniaeth ynglŷn â Rheolaeth Drwy Orfodaeth yn ‘fyw’ yn genedlaethol ddydd Mawrth 29 Rhagfyr 2015. Mae’n cynnwys mwyafswm cosb o garchar am bum mlynedd a dirwy. Mae Rheolaeth Drwy Orfodaeth yn derm a ddatblygwyd i’n helpu i ddeall camdriniaeth domestig yn fwy nag ‘ymladd’. Mae’n batrwm ymddygiad sy’n ceisio dwyn rhyddid oddi ar y dioddefwr, eu synnwyr o’u hunain. Mae’n disgrifio’r amrywiaeth eang o weithredoedd rheoli gan gynnwys trin, dychryn, rheolaeth rywiol, golau nwy (math o gamdriniaeth seicolegol sy’n gwneud i’r dioddefwr amau eu cof, canfyddiad a challineb). Abuse legislation regarding Coercive Control went ‘live’ nationally on Tuesday 29th December 2015. This carries a maximum penalty of five years’ imprisonment and a fine. Coercive control is a term developed to help us understand domestic abuse as more than a “fight”. It is a pattern of behaviour which seeks to take away the victim’s liberty or freedom, to strip away their sense of self. It describes the wide range of controlling acts including manipulation, intimidation, sexual coercion, gaslighting (a form of psychological abuse in which a victim is manipulated into doubting their own memory, perception, and sanity).

2. BETH YDYW ? 2. WHAT IS IT? Er mwyn sicrhau ymateb effeithiol, mae’r ddeddfwriaeth hon yn cau’r bwlch o amgylch patrymau o ymddygiad gorfodol a rheoli mewn perthynas rhwng: Partneriaid agos Cyn bartneriaid sy’n dal i fyw gyda’i gilydd Aelodau’r teulu NID YW hyn yn ymwneud ag un digwyddiad. Mae’n batrwm ymddygiad bwriadol sy’n digwydd dros amser, er mwyn i un unigolyn ddangos grym, rheolaeth neu orfodaeth dros rywun arall. Mae’r ymddygiad yn cael effaith difrifol ar y dioddefwr ac mae’r sawl sy’n cyflawni’n gwybod neu dylai wybod y bydd yr ymddygiad yn cael effaith difrifol ar y dioddefwr. To ensure an effective response, this legislation closes a gap around patterns of coercive and controlling behaviour in relationships between: • Intimate partners • Former partners who still live together • Family members This DOES NOT relate to a single incident: It’s a purposeful pattern of behaviour that takes place over time, in order for one individual to exert power, control or coercion over another. The behaviour has a serious effect on the victim and the perpetrator knows or ought to know that the behaviour will have a serious effect on the victim.

3. BETH YDYW? 3. WHAT IS IT? Mae rheolaeth drwy orfodaeth yn cael ei arfer drwy amrywiaeth o ymddygiad fel: Ymddygiad afresymol neu orchmynion pitw Diraddio – galw enwau maleisus – neu ymddygiad bwlio (prynu dillad sy’n rhy fach yn fwriadol) Cyfyngu gweithgareddau dyddiol – ynysu rhag cefnogaeth Bygythiadau neu ddychryn – os nad yw’r dioddefwr yn cydymffurfio Coercive control is exerted by a range of behaviours such as: Unreasonable behaviour or petty demands Degradation – malicious name – calling, or bullying behaviour (buying clothes that are purposefully too small) Restricting daily activities – isolated from support Threats or intimidation – if the victim doesn’t comply

4. CYDNABYDDIAETH 4. RECOGNITION Amddifadu o fwyd Difrodi eiddo Amddifadu o’r modd sydd ei angen ar gyfer annibyniaeth, gwytnwch neu ddianc Rheoli cod gwisg Rheoli ymddygiad Gorfodaeth rywiol Cofio bod ymddygiad unigol yn ychwanegu at effaith gynyddol Deprivation of food Destruction of possessions Deprivation of the means needed for independence, resistance or escape Controlling dress code Behavioural control Sexual coercion Remember that individual behaviours add up to a cumulative effect

5. MATERION ALLWEDDOL 5. KEY ISSUES Sylwi ar dystiolaeth o reolaeth drwy orfodaeth Cofio bod ymddygiad unigol yn ychwanegu at effaith gynyddol Cofnodi’r hyn y sylwir arno Asesu risg y sefyllfa ac atgyfeirio i wasanaethau cefnogi fel bo’n briodol Triongli gwybodaeth, er enghraifft drwy wirio beth mae’r plant yn ei ddweud Observe the evidence of coercive control. Remember that individual behaviours add up to a cumulative effect Record your observations Risk assess the situation and refer to support services as relevant Triangulate information, for example by checking what the children say

6. SUT I YMATEB 6. HOW TO RESPOND Mabwysiadu agwedd gefnogol, dealltwriaeth, peidio barnu Cydnabod yr effaith a sut y bydd dioddefwyr yn ymddangos Asesu risg y sefyllfa ar gyfer unrhyw blant ac atgyfeirio i Ofal Cymdeithasol Plant os bydd angen neu wasanaethau cefnogi i’r plentyn ac arwyddbostio Gweler “Rhoi gwybod am bryderon ar wefan Bwrdd Diogelu Gogledd Cymru” Adopt an understanding/ non- judgemental, supportive attitude Recognise the impact and how victims may present Risk assess the situation for any children and refer to Children's Social Care if required or support services for the child & signpost See “Report concerns on the North Wales Safeguarding Board Webpage”

7. GWEITHREDU 7. ACTION Ydyn ni’n gwybod digon am ymddygiad gorfodi a rheoli i’w gydnabod? Ydyn ni’n deall effaith ymddygiad gorfodi a rheoli ar blant? “Nid yn unig mae rheolaeth drwy orfodaeth y cyd-destun mwyaf cyffredin o ran camdrin merched, mae hefyd yr un mwyaf peryglus” – Stark 2007 Do we know enough about coercive & controlling behaviour to recognise it? Are we clear about the impact on children of coercive & controlling behaviour? “Not only is coercive control the most common context in which women are abused, it is also the most dangerous” – Stark 2007