Cardiovascular Emergencies F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G LESSON 3 First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada TITLE SLIDE Insert your information directly into the text boxes provided to customize your presentation Review: ESM (Unresponsive Casualty): Cardiovascular Emergencies CPR and AED Choking

REVIEW VIDEO CLIP: ESM Unresponsive Casualty

CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada TITLE SLIDE Insert your information directly into the text boxes provided to customize your presentation Heart Attack (signs, symptoms, first aid) Cardiac Arrest (signs, symptoms, first aid) AED Stroke (signs, symptoms, first aid)

HEART ATTACK: definition, signs, symptoms Result of a blocked coronary artery that can cause permanent damage of heart muscle. Signs and Symptoms: 5 Ps PAIN: Crushing sensation, aching jaw, sore arms PUKING: Feels like indigestion, nausea, vomiting PALE: Pale skin PUFFING: Shortness of breath, heaviness in chest POOPED: Fatigue Note: DENIAL IS COMMON

FIRST AID FOR HEART ATTACK Begin ESM – do the Scene Survey Do a primary survey (Responsive – assess ABCs) Have a bystander call 9-1-1 & retrieve an AED if available. Place casualty in semi-sitting position, loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist. Reassure the casualty to lessen fear and worry – these cause a heart to work harder. Have casualty chew an aspirin if available. If the casualty loses consciousness and stops breathing, start CPR with compressions

CARDIAC ARREST: definition, signs, symptoms The heart stops completely Signs Unresponsive Not breathing or not breathing normally No signs of life ACT FAST – it only takes 4 minutes without oxygen for tissue death to occur!

FIRST AID FOR CARDIAC ARREST Begin ESM – do a Scene Survey Have a bystander call 9-1-1 & retrieve an AED if available. Do a primary survey (CAB-D) Continue compressions (30) and breaths (2) until AED or medical help arrives If casualty regains consciousness, move to secondary survey & ongoing casualty care

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Objective To circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and other organs Combination of two life support skills Chest compressions Artificial respiration

VIDEO CLIP: One Rescuer CPR

VIDEO CLIP: Two Rescuer CPR

PRACTICAL: IN PARTNERS (with ACT doll) PARTNER #1: You are at Walmart and see a man clutching his chest as he shops. You keep an eye on him as you are concerned he may be having a heart attack. Suddenly, he falls to the floor. The casualty is unconscious and not breathing on his own. It appears as though he is experiencing cardiac arrest. PARTNER #2: You are on a field trip with your PE class at the Hyde Creek pool. As you are racing a friend, they get a calf-cramp and go under. They swallow large amounts of water and lose consciousness. A couple of students in the class help get your friend out of the pool but they do not know what to do next. There are no suspected injuries but the casualty is unconscious and not breathing on their own.

Automated External Defibrillation Definition The application of an electric shock to a heart that has stopped beating AED Analyses heart rhythm Administers a shock depending on the rhythm

VIDEO CLIP: AED

STROKE: definition, signs, symptoms Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Blood clot blocks a narrowed artery or a blood vessel ruptures Brain tissue beyond blockage dies Signs and Symptoms Severe headache Slurred speech Difficulties breathing Paralysis of arm and/or leg

F acial Droop A rm Drift S peech Impairment T ime (ACT FAST!) STROKE: Tests TESTS: (STR) Smile (crooked) Talk (difficulty speaking) Raise arms (one-sided) F acial Droop A rm Drift S peech Impairment T ime (ACT FAST!)

FIRST AID FOR STROKE First Aid Begin ESM – do a Scene Survey Do a primary survey (Responsive – assess ABCs) Have a bystander call 9-1-1 & retrieve an AED if available. Place casualty in semi-sitting position, loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist. Reassure the casualty & cover with a blanket to maintain warmth. If the casualty loses consciousness and stops breathing, start CPR with compressions

CHOKING Causes Prevention Mild vs Severe First Aid for Choking F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G CHOKING First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada TITLE SLIDE Insert your information directly into the text boxes provided to customize your presentation Causes Prevention Mild vs Severe First Aid for Choking

Choking Causes: Prevention: Food stuck in throat Most common foods to choke on? Grapes Hot dogs etc Tongue of unconscious casualty falls to back of the throat Prevention: Chew food well Avoid physical activities while eating

Choking SEVERE: Mild: standby and encourage coughing Conscious: 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts Becomes Unconscious: Lower to ground and treat as unconscious casualty

FIRST AID FOR CONSCIOUS CHOKING If casualty gets to the point that they are unable to cough, speak, or breathe Perform 5 Back Blows and 5 Abdominal Thrusts Using the palm of your hand give 5 hard back blows to casualties back between shoulders. If no response move onto 5 abdominal thrusts. - stand behind casualty (place one foot between theirs for added support if they become unconscious) - use forearms to landmark along top of hips - make fist and center under rib cage - grasp fist with other hand - thrust in and up until casualty’s airway is cleared or casualty becomes unconscious

FIRST AID: UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING If casualty becomes unconscious… Lower casualty to ground Send bystander for medical help Open mouth to look for object (if visible, remove it) Assess ABCs Airway – head tilt chin lift, look, listen, feel (no more than 10 seconds) Breathing – not breathing? Begin CPR. Provide 30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths (reposition head-tilt chin-lift and try again if they do not go in – do not try more than two before moving on to compressions) Circulation? – same strategy is used to clear the airway - 30 compressions

Re-check for object in mouth after each set of compressions. FIRST AID CHOKING CONT Re-check for object in mouth after each set of compressions. If visible, finger sweep or grab to remove object. If not… Repeat process (ABCs) Even if object is removed, continue the sequence of CPR until medical help arrives or person is breathing on their own.

VIDEO CLIP: CHOKING

PRACTICAL: IN PARTNERS (with ACT doll) PARTNER #1: You and your friend are enjoying lunch at Starbucks. You crack a joke that sends your BFF into hysterics. They have a mouthful of banana bread and begin coughing. After a few minutes, they excuse themselves to go to the washroom. You are concerned that they may be choking so you follow them in. They remain conscious (for now) PARTNER #2: You and your friend are enjoying lunch at Starbucks. You crack a joke that sends your BFF into hysterics. They have a mouthful of banana bread and begin coughing. After a few minutes, they excuse themselves to go to the washroom. You are concerned that they may be choking so you follow them in. By the time you arrive they are slowly losing consciousness and you ease them down to the floor. (please use doll)