Carbon Compounds

Carbohydrates Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in ratios of 1:2:1 Carbohydrates end in -OSE Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates = sugars & starches Monomers are called monosaccharides. They supply immediate energy for all cell activities. Ex: glucose & fructose Starches (polysaccharides) store extra sugar for living things. Ex: glycogen (animal starch) & cellulose (plant starch)

Carbohydrates

Lipids Made of extremely long chains of carbon and hydrogen They also contain Oxygen Lipids are large MONOMERS! They are made up of fatty acids and Glycerol Examples: fats, oils, waxes, steriods Lipids can be used for long-term energy storage. Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

Lipids

Proteins Macromolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Proteins are polymers of molecules called amino acids. Examples: Enzymes (saliva & catalase); Structural Proteins (muscle tissue & protein channels)

Proteins Proteins help to: Control the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes) Transport small molecules in and out of cells Fight diseases Build tissues (ex: muscles)

Proteins

Nucleic Acids Macromolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Nucleic acids are put together by monomers called nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of 3 parts: a 5-carbon sugar a phosphate group a nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) base

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary (genetic) information. There are 2 kinds of nucleic acids: Ribonucleic acid (RNA), which contains the sugar ribose Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains the sugar deoxyribose

Nucleic Acids