Describing and explaining global variations in energy use From the spec Today we will investigate – The factors leading to demand outstripping supply of energy The impacts on ecosystems of deforestation and mining to provide energy. Resource Text book page 249–250 and 254-257 Main skill Visual Literacy- Describing and explaining global variations in energy use

TITLE: Meeting the rising demand for energy Aim: to understand the factors leading to the rising demand for energy. the impacts on ecosystems of mining and deforestation. Challenge: to evaluate the benefits of one energy provision scheme (mining, deforestation or fracking).

Introduction: Non-renewable energy is (define)… Fossil fuels are … Classify the following into 2 groups: Renewable and Non-Renewable Coal Biomass Natural gas Solar Hydroelectric Geothermal Nuclear Wind Wood Oil Wave Tidal

Energy consumption over time. Fossil fuels dominate energy consumption All sources of energy have increased Natural gas has shown the greatest increase Other renewable makes a minor contribution Nuclear has barely increased Energy consumption over time. Question. Describe how energy demand has changed over time. (3 marks) Hint: Identify 3 points.

Energy consumption - global pattern Task: Describe the pattern. Which regions / countries have very high consumption (energy footprints)? Which regions / countries have well below average consumption? Are there any anomalies? (ones that do not fit the general pattern) Describe means ‘say what you see’. Don’t give reasons. Just describe the pattern. Create success criteria together on the board. Total energy consumption

Energy consumption - global pattern Explaining the pattern. The energy footprint per person is high in advanced economies. This is because (explain)... LIDCs have below average energy footprints because … (explain) There are some anomalies such as …. Industry is very well developed and homes and businesses have many energy using appliances. Advanced countries can also afford to buy energy supplies from other regions of the world. Industry is not well developed and many homes have no fixed energy supply. LIDCs cannot afford to spend large amounts on energy supplies (e.g. oil) from other countries. … Middle East countries and Russia. This is because they have abundant supplies of energy and use a lot for air conditioning and water desalination (Middle East) or for heating (Russia)

Energy consumption and development Country Energy consumption kg per capita Rank GNP per capita $ Brazil 580  7 3020  6 Canada 7624  1 20670  3 Chad 5  12 200  10 China 603 490  8 Ethiopia 21  11 100 Germany 4054 23560  2 India 247   9 290  Indonesia 331  730  Mexico 1311   5 3750  U.K 3910   4 17970  USA 7570  24750  Vietnam 106  170  Task: Complete the rankings for energy consumption and GNP.

Some countries, such as …. are anomalies. This may be due to …. Task: Plot the two sets of ranking onto a scattergraph. Copy and complete: There is / is not a strong correlation between GNP and energy consumption. This is because … Some countries, such as …. are anomalies. This may be due to …. TIF: What will happen to world energy supplies if LIDCs & EDCs develop to the same level as ACs?

The environmental impact of resource extraction. Read pages 254/255. Choose any two of the following and describe the environmental impacts. Impacts of coal mining Impacts of natural gas and oil drilling Impacts of nuclear power Impacts of renewable energy

Special example: The environmental impact of fracking for shale gas. Shale is a grey or black, soft, fine grained rock. 70% of the world’s surface rocks are sedimentary; 50% of those are shale. Shale contains organic matter (which becomes methane gas) Shale contains gas in the pores of the rock (not in the spaces, like conventional gas)

Fracking is ‘hydraulic fracturing’- the process used to release gas from shale rock. High pressure water, with sand and chemicals is forced into the rocks It cracks the shale, releasing the gas from the pores. 1 mm

The fracking of shale gas has been widely adopted in the USA, but it has lead to many complaints of methane contamination in water supplies. Clip – burning water taps http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LBjSXWQRV8 The fracking song. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHQu3SeUwUI

Fracking in the UK - the case in favour Economic benefits - there are vast reserves in the UK which will reduce energy imports, benefit UK balance of payments, supply cheaper energy for industry and homes and create jobs. Political benefits – more energy security for UK. Less dependent upon energy imports from Russia or Middle East Technological developments have made exploiting this resource more cost effective.

Fracking in the UK - the case against Environmental concerns. Possible contamination of groundwater supplies by methane release Large volumes of water are used for fracking Emissions to air Earthquakes * (next slide) Noise pollution Economic & Political concerns Shale gas will make investment in renewable energy less attractive. Shale gas will set back UKs chances of reducing CO2 emissions. Shale gas is a fossil fuel. It delays the move towards a greener, sustainable energy future

The largest was magnitude 2.3 and felt by around 50 people. Fracking in the Blackpool area was blamed for causing earthquakes / earth tremors. The largest was magnitude 2.3 and felt by around 50 people. 15

What is the future for UK energy supply What is the future for UK energy supply? Is fracking for shale gas a solution? Newsnight clip (2013) slightly dated but useful summary of shale gas issues – watch 1st 6 mins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VDezUJdIlU

Homework: Fracking in the UK. Grades 5 & 6. Q. Describe the process of fracking and explain the environmental concerns with this type of energy. Grade 7+ Q. Describe the process of fracking and evaluate the benefits for the UK of exploiting this source of energy.