Negative impact of solar farms and solutions University of Ottawa BaohuiXie 7685551 JichaoAn 8300233

Introduction Environment impact A. The principle of solar cell B. Material Environment impact A. Hazardous Materials B. Land-use C. Solutions 1.space-based solar energy 2. intelligent freeway transportation system with solar panel

PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR CELL introduction PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR CELL

A. Principle of solar cell When a certain amount of photons hit the silicon cells, it can knock out the electrons from their bonds (n. d.). By leaving the holes, the negative charged particles and location of the positively charged holes are then free to move only one way, which the electron is drawn to the N-side, while the hole is brought to the P-side (n. d.). It is because of the electric field at the P/N junction forcing the electrons (n. d.). The mobile electrons can flow through to the external circuit. Since there are two or more thin metal at the top of the cell, electrons are connected to the external circuit to do the electrical work, before returning to the conductive aluminum sheet. 0.39-2.41

A. Principle of solar cell A solar panel consists of a series of solar cells, where the solid material- silicon is inserted between two conductive layers. The silicon is separated into two types. N-type and P-type layers of silicon consist the semiconductor, where N-type silicon contains electrons, and P-type silicon includes spaces for particles, and these spaces are known as holes.

material Organic solar cell Dye-sensitized solar cell Perovskite solar cell

Organic solar cell An organic solar cell or plastic solar cell is a type of photovoltaic that uses organic electronics, a branch of electronics that deals with conductive organic polymers or small organic molecules, for light absorption and charge transport to produce electricity from sunlig ht by the photovoltaic effect. Most organic photovoltaic cells are polymer solar cells.

Dye-sensitized solar cell A dye-sensitized solar cell is a low- cost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells. It is based on a semiconductor formed between a photo-sensitized anode and an electrolyte, a photoelectrochemical system. The modern version of a dye solar cell was originally co-invented in 1988 by Brian O'Regan and Michael Grätzel at UC Berkeley and this work was later developed by the aforementioned scientists at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne until the publication of the first high efficiency DSSC in 1991. Michael Grätzel has been awarded the 2010 Millennium Technology Prize for this invention.

Perovskite solar cell A perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell which includes a perovskite structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic- inorganic lead or tin halide- based material, as the light- harvesting active layer. Perovskite materials such as methylammonium lead halides are cheap to produce and simple to manufacture.

Environment impact Hazardous material Land-use

Hazardous materials Although the chemical materials such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen fluoride, trichloroethane, and acetone are not part of elements inside the solar cell, they still cause negative environmental effects. Since they are similar to that material in the general semiconductor industry, and they are used to clean and purify the semiconductor surface (n. 2013.).

Land-use Land use is one of the leading problems of solar power. Solar energy has a very unequally distributed across the Earth. Usually, specific area close to the equator or some places nearby the desert is sunnier than others. Moreover, it is also inconsistent. Less solar energy is available on a cloudy day or at night. To provide the power to a city, people need to build the infrastructure with an ideal place with huge spaces about 10 to 100 of thousands of miles square (Ebrahim. 2015.). To do so, the engineering project or the whole power station may change the entire landscape or local biosphere. 2.41-4.45

Solutions Space-based solar farm Intelligent freeway transportation system with solar panel

Space-based solar energy station The idea of this solution is building up solar farms and sending it to the Earth orbit to collect the solar radiation from the space. The station will convert the solar radiation into electricity and send it down to the Earth while the project is launched. 0.00-1.22introduction Data than advantage

What is intelligent freeway An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an advanced application which, without embodying intelligence as such, aims to provide innovative services relating to different modess of transport and traffic management and enable users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks.

Intelligent freeway transportation system with solar panel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPCUTxJeJjc Until 2017, the last report of ITS in China claimed that the 5G system is going to be applied in the ITS for self-driving cars. Meanwhile, all the electric vehicles can be charged while they are driving on the ‘smart freeway' (Yuming, Xiaoman, Libo, and Darrell. 2017.). Although these functions of the coming up ‘smart freeway' is impressive, the supported powering technologies to these functions are also "traditional" somehow. What if engineers can build a brand-new transportation contracture that somehow, they set in numbers of solar panels under the road surface along the freeway and use specific transparent and substantial material to covert it. To do so, it not only saves the lands space from the solar station but also, they build a new-type of power transportation system to cities.

summary The data and the review in this article only base on the past performance of most of the solar farms. Most of the negative impact in the solar cell manufacturing can finally be solved and eliminated with father advance technologies and efficiency manners. Sunlight is still one of the green-resource that can contribute to environment and energy solution globally in the 21st century. As an electrical engineering student, to use solar energy as efficiently as possible, developing new solar cell and the innovative form of the solar farm is our duty.

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