Class Aves and Mammalia Notes

Birds Endothermic (warm blooded) Oviparous: lays eggs Evolutionary Adaptation Feathers Wings Honeycomb (hollow) bones – for Flight 4 Chambered Heart

Andean Condor Bald Eagle

Snowy owl Barn owl

Gray Lag Goose

Ravens

Muted swan Roadrunner

Hummingbird Bird of Paradise

“Warm Blood in Cold Water” Marine Mammals “Warm Blood in Cold Water”

Characteristics of Marine Mammals Class Mammalia – have hair endothermic give birth to live young 4 Chambered Heart Life in water demands high oxygen consumption They breathe air

1st Adaptation to Breath-hold Diving Myoglobin – protein found in tissues of marine organisms. High myoglobin levels allows them to store a lot of oxygen within their bodies.

2nd Adaptation to Breath-hold Diving Mammalian Diving Reflex: Pulse rate slows. Blood flow diverts to heart and brain. Sink or glide more than they swim. O2 use decreases

Adaptation to Living in Water Water Pressure: Lungs and sinuses are flexible and can compress without pain or injury. Can exhale 95% of total lung volume.

Adaptation to Living in Water Movement through Dense Medium: Streamlining and hydrodynamics Skin is elastic and responsive Loss of cells acts as a lubricant that minimizes water drag.

Adaptation to Living in Water Senses: Echolocation – natural sonar. (Whales and Dolphins) Seals and Sea lions have: sensitive hearing good eyesight under water keen sense of smell in the air.

Seals and Sea Lions Order Pinnipedia Seals are “True” seals Lack ear flaps Rear flippers point backward Sea Lions are called the “Fur” seals Have ear flaps Hind flippers can rotate underneath them

Dolphins, Whales, and Porpoises Order Cetacea Suborder Mysticeti – Baleen Whales Humpback, Gray, Blue, and other large whales Filter Feeders Suborder Odontoceti – Toothed Whales Sperm, Orcas, Dolphins, and Porpoises Predators

Dugongs and Manatees Order Sirenia – 4 species Only herbivorous marine mammals Migrate from fresh and saltwater habitats Relatives of the elephant “Sea Cows”

Marine Mammals and Human Interaction Whaling Hunting seals and manatees Dolphins killed as bycatch Pollution and overfishing

Egg-Laying Mammals Monotremes: Examples: Platypus and Echidna These are mammals with hair, stores fat and has mammary glands but they do not have placental birth

Marsupials Mammals that young are not fully developed when they are born. The undeveloped baby goes into a pouch on the mom where it is fed by mammary glands. Examples: Kangaroos, Koala bears, Tazmanian Devils