KEY CONCEPT Populations grow in predictable patterns.

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Presentation transcript:

KEY CONCEPT Populations grow in predictable patterns.

Changes in a population’s size are determined by immigration, births, emigration, and deaths. The size of a population is always changing. Four factors affect the size of a population. Immigration – move in births Emigration – move out deaths

Population growth is based on available resources. Exponential growth is a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources. J-shaped curve Ex. 24 founding rabbits 200-300 million in Australia today! Caused by abundance of food, water, space and no predators

Logistic growth is due to a population facing limited resources Logistic growth is due to a population facing limited resources. S-shaped curve Initially, abundant resources (exponential growth) Growth levels off when densely populated - increased competition Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support. Can fluctuate depending on changes within the environment.

A population crash is a dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time. Ex. Reindeer on St. Matthew Island, Alaska 1944 – started with 29 reindeer By 1963 – 6000 reindeer 1964 – only 50 reindeer survived (harsh winter/scarcity of food) Environmental changes Fishkills are usually caused by low levels of oxygen.

Ecological factors limit population growth. A limiting factor is something that keeps the size of a population down. Density-dependent limiting factors are affected by the number of individuals in a given area.

Density-dependent limiting factors are affected by the number of individuals in a given area. predation competition parasitism and disease

Density-independent limiting factors limit a population’s growth regardless of the density. unusual weather natural disasters human activities (deforestation, habitat loss, pollution)