פיסיקה מודרנית האופי הדואלי של האור האפקט הפוטו-אלקטרי

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Presentation transcript:

פיסיקה מודרנית האופי הדואלי של האור האפקט הפוטו-אלקטרי מודל בוהר לאטום המימן התפרקות רדיו-אקטיבית מצגת זו נערכה על ידי רמי מנדלצוויג

הפוטון האופי הדואלי של האור האפקט הפוטו-אלקטרי

מקס פלנק פתרון בעיית הקרינה של גוף שחור

האפקט הפוטו-אלקטרי

מכשיר לבדיקת האופי הדואלי של האור "The Essential Quantum Paradox"

ניסוי ינג: התאבכות דרך שני סדקים

תבנית ההתאבכות המתקבלת כאשר שני הסדקים פתוחים רק סדק אחד פתוח

ריצארד פיינמן

Richard Feynman's introduction to the fundamentals of quantum mechanics: "We choose to examine a phenomenon which is impossible, absolutely impossible, to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by explaining how it works . . . In telling you how it works we will have told you about the basic peculiarities of all quantum mechanics."

ניסוי בראג: התאבכות של אלקטרונים בגביש הוכחה לקיומם של גלי-חומר

ניסוי דוויסון-גרמר: קיומם של גלי-חומר

דוויסון וגרמר

ניסוי דוויסון-גרמר

עקיפת קרני-X דרך גביש

עקיפת אלקטרונים דרך גביש

הייזנברג

The more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versa. --Heisenberg, uncertainty paper, 1927

הספקטרום של גז מימן בתחום האור הנראה

The red line of deuterium is measurably different at 656.1065 Wavelength (nm) Relative Intensity Transition Color 383.5384 5 9 -> 2 Violet 388.9049 6 8 -> 2 397.0072 8 7 -> 2 410.174 15 6 -> 2 434.047 30 5 -> 2 486.133 80 4 -> 2 Bluegreen 656.272 120 3 -> 2 Red 656.2852 180 The red line of deuterium is measurably different at 656.1065

קווי בליעה וקווי פליטה

הקווים הספקטרליים של השמש

הליום מימן

האם תורת הגלים מסבירה את הקווים הספקטרליים? גל אלקטרו-מגנטי האם תורת הגלים מסבירה את הקווים הספקטרליים?

הספקטרום הא"מ

color λ (A) f (*1014 Hz) Energy (*10-19 J) violet 4000 4600 7.5 6.5 5.0 4.3 indigo 4600 4750 6.5 6.3 4.3 4.2 blue 4750 4900 6.3 6.1 4.2 4.1 green 4900 5650 6.1 5.3 4.1 3.5 yellow 5650 5750 5.3 5.2 3.5 3.45 orange 5750 6000 5.2 5.0 3.45 3.3 red 6000 8000 5.0 3.7 3.3 2.5

מקס פלנק

איזוטופים של יסודות

נילס בוהר ליד ההוכחה שלו

המסלולים המותרים באטום המימן לפי מודל בוהר

רמות האנרגיה באטום המימן

קווי פליטה

קווי בליעה

קווי בליעה וקווי פליטה זהים הם

ספקטרום אטום המימן

מעבר אלקטרון מרמה אחת לשנייה

Energies in Electron Volts Room temperature thermal energy of a molecule..................................0.04 eV Visible light photons....................................................................................1.5-3.5 eV Energy for the dissociation of an NaCl molecule into Na+ and Cl- ions:.............................................................................................4.2 eV Ionization energy of atomic hydrogen ........................................................13.6 eV Approximate energy of an electron striking a color television screen...................................................................................20,000 eV High energy diagnostic medical x-ray photons...............................200,000 eV (=0.2 MeV) Typical energies from nuclear decay: gamma..................................................................................................0-3 MeV beta.......................................................................................................0-3 MeV alpha....................................................................................................2-10 MeV Cosmic ray energies ........................................................................1 MeV - 1000 TeV

הגדרת האלקטרון-וולט

Measured Hydrogen Spectrum Wavelength (nm) Relative Intensity Transition Color or region of EM spectrum Lymann Series 93.782 ... 6 -> 1 UV 94.976 5 -> 1 97.254 4 -> 1 102.583 3 -> 1 121.566 2 -> 1 Balmer Series 383.5384 5 9 -> 2 Violet 388.9049 6 8 -> 2 397.0072 8 7 -> 2 410.174 15 6 -> 2 434.047 30 5 -> 2 486.133 80 4 -> 2 Bluegreen (cyan) 656.272 120 3 -> 2 Red 656.2852 180 Paschen Series 954.62 8 -> 3 IR 1004.98 7 -> 3 1093.8 6 -> 3 1281.81 5 -> 3 1875.01 4 -> 3 Brackett Series 2630 6 -> 4 4050 5 -> 4 Pfund Series 7400 6 -> 5 סידרת לימן סידרת בלמר